python - 无法分配“'1'”：“staff.staff_type”必须是“staff_type”实例。OneToOne 字段中的 Django 错误
问题描述
我正在开发一个小型 django-python 项目，它有两个模型“staff_type”和“staff”。在staff_type模型中，只填充了名称和日期字段。而在 staff模型中，有staff_type 的OneToOneField 关系。意味着每当用户想要添加人员时，他/她必须添加人员类型，然后在人员模块中，用户将从分别显示所有人员类型的选择菜单中选择人员类型（指定）。
现在，每当用户选择任何名称（staff_type）并填写整个表单时，我都想将选定的 staff_type id 存储在人员模型/表中。
注意：我已经从 django admin 尝试过这个，它工作得很好，但我想在我自己设计的模板中做同样的工作。
模型.py
class staff_type(models.Model):
designation = models.CharField(max_length=50)
salary = models.IntegerField()
datetime = models.DateTimeField()
entrydatetime = models.DateTimeField( auto_now=False, auto_now_add=False)
class staff(models.Model):
staff_type = models.OneToOneField(staff_type, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
firstname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
lastname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
fathername = models.CharField(max_length=50)
city = models.CharField(max_length=50)
country = models.CharField(max_length=50)
state = models.CharField(max_length=50)
zip = models.IntegerField(blank=True)
address = models.CharField(max_length=100)
contact =models.CharField(max_length=20)
cnic = models.CharField(max_length=14)
photo = models.ImageField()
cv = models.ImageField()
otherfiles = models.ImageField()
视图.py
def add_staff_type(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
designation = request.POST.get('designation')
salary = request.POST.get('salary')
datetime = request.POST.get('datetime')
add_staff_type = staff_type.objects.create(designation=designation, salary=salary, datetime=datetime, entrydatetime = dt.now())
add_staff_type.save()
messages.info(request, "Staff type has been Added.")
return redirect('add_staff_type')
else:
#fetching records from the database table
display_staff_type = staff_type.objects.all()
return render(request, 'staff/staff_type.html',{'display_staff_type':display_staff_type})
#this view is for fetching the designation column and displaying in the select tag
#and rendering add_staff html form
def add_staff(request):
staff = staff_type.objects.all()
return render(request, 'staff/add_staff.html', {'staff':staff})
#this view is for adding the staff
def add_staff_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
staff_type = request.POST.get('stafftype')
firstname = request.POST.get('firstname')
lastname = request.POST.get('lastname')
fathername = request.POST.get('fathername')
city = request.POST.get('city')
country = request.POST.get('country')
state = request.POST.get('state')
zipcode = request.POST.get('zip')
contact = request.POST.get('contact')
cnic = request.POST.get('cnic')
address = request.POST.get('address')
photo = request.FILES.get('photo')
cv = request.FILES.get('cv')
otherfiles = request.FILES.get('photo')
add_staff = staff.objects.create(firstname=firstname, lastname=lastname, fathername=fathername, city=city,country=country, state=state, contact=contact, cnic=cnic, zip=zipcode, address=address, photo=photo, cv=cv, otherfiles=otherfiles, staff_type=staff_type)
add_staff.save()
messages.info(request, "Staff has been Added.")
return redirect('add_staff')
else:
return render(request, 'staff/add_staff.html')
网址.py
urlpatterns = [
path("", views.index, name="index"),
path("staff/add_staff_type", views.add_staff_type, name="add_staff_type"),
path("staff/add_staff", views.add_staff, name="add_staff"),
path("staff/add_staff_view", views.add_staff_view, name="add_staff_view"),
]
add_staff.html
<form class="needs-validation" action="add_staff_view" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="card-body">
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom01">Staff Type</label>
<select class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" name="stafftype">
{% for staff in staff %}
<option name="stafftype" value="{{ staff.id }}" required>{{staff.designation}}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom02">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" placeholder="First name" name="firstname" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom03">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" placeholder="Last name" name="lastname" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom04">Father Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom04" placeholder="Father Name" name="fathername" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom05">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" placeholder="City" name="city" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom06">Country</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom06" value="Pakistan" name="country" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid country.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom07">State</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom07" placeholder="State" name="state" >
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom08">Zip</label>
<input type="number" class="form-control" id="validationCustom08" value="0000" name="zip">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom09">Contact</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom09" placeholder="Phone Number" name="contact" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid country.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom10">CNIC</label>
<input type="number" class="form-control" id="validationCustom10" placeholder="xxxxx-xxxxxxx-x" name="cnic" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid country.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
<label for="address">Address</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="address" placeholder="Current Address" name="address">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="file col-md-4 mb-3">
<label class="file-label" for="customFile01">Photo</label>
<input type="file" class="form-control" id="customFile01" name="photo"/>
</div>
<div class="file col-md-4 mb-3">
<label class="file-label" for="customFile02">CV</label>
<input type="file" class="form-control" id="customFile02" name="cv"/>
</div>
<div class="file col-md-4 mb-3">
<label class="file-label" for="customFile03">Other Files/Photos</label>
<input type="file" class="form-control" id="customFile03" name="otherfiles"/>
</div>
</div>
<div classs="form-row">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Add Staff</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>我在上面的代码中尽了最大努力，但它给了我错误。
错误
异常值：
无法分配“'1'”：“staff.staff_type”必须是“staff_type”实例。
解决方案
staff_type在staff模型中必须是staff_type模型实例所以首先获取模型实例
s_type = staff_type.objects.get(id=request.POST.get('stafftype'))
staff.objects.create(...,staff_type=s_type)
或者你也可以像这样直接分配 fk 。
staff.objects.create(staff_type_id=request.POST.get('stafftype'))
并且请尝试遵循PEP8标准来编写 python 代码。
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