python - 更新 PyQt5 Matplotlib 中嵌入的 Networkx 图
问题描述
我创建了一个 GUI，用户可以在其中使用按钮打开选项卡。当他这样做时，它会添加以下选项卡：
class data_tab(QtWidgets.QWidget, data_tab_lib.Ui_data_tab):
#=========================================================================================
# Constructor
#=========================================================================================
def __init__(self, parent, title):
QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
self.setupUi(self)
# initialize save data button icon
icon = _createIcon("dataname_save")
self.dataname_save.setIcon(icon)
self.canvas = Canvas(data_tab)
self.axe = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
self.canvas.figure.subplots_adjust(left=0.025, top=0.965, bottom=0.040, right=0.975)
# add the tab to the parent
parent.addTab(self, "")
# set text name
parent.setTabText(parent.indexOf(self), title)
父母是
self.core_tab = QtWidgets.QTabWidget(self.main_widget)
在主窗口中。
“画布”定义如下：
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class Canvas(FigureCanvas):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
self.figure = plt.figure()
FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.figure)
self.setParent(parent)
单击初始按钮时，会发生这种情况：
new_data_tab = data_tab(self.core_tab, dataName)
# associated data to the variable
associated_data = self._getDataAssociatedToVariable(dataName)
#1. draw Graph
self._drawDataGraph(dataName, associated_data, new_data_tab)
dataName是上面定义的字符串。_drawDataGraph定义如下：
def _drawDataGraph(self, dataName, associatedData, dataWidget):
# 1. draw graph
drawing_dictionary = self._getAllAssociatedVariablesToBeDrawn(dataName, associatedData)
producer = drawing_dictionary.get(dataName).get("producer")
consumers = drawing_dictionary.get(dataName).get("consumers")
color_map = []
DG = nx.DiGraph()
DG.add_node(producer)
for cons in consumers:
DG.add_node(cons)
edges_bunch = [(producer, cons, 1) for cons in consumers]
DG.add_weighted_edges_from(edges_bunch)
for node in drawing_dictionary.keys():
if node != dataName:
DG.add_node(drawing_dictionary.get(node).get("producer"))
for node_cons in drawing_dictionary.get(node).get("consumers"):
DG.add_node(node_cons)
other_edges_bunch = [(drawing_dictionary.get(node).get("producer"), node_cons, 1) for node_cons in
drawing_dictionary.get(node).get("consumers")]
DG.add_weighted_edges_from(other_edges_bunch)
for i in range(len(DG.nodes())):
if i < 1 + len(consumers):
color_map.append("#DCE46F")
else:
color_map.append("#6FA2E4")
#pos = nx.spring_layout(DG, k=0.4, iterations=20)
nx.draw_circular(DG, node_color=color_map, with_labels=True, font_size=8, node_size=1000, node_shape='o')
dataWidget.canvas.draw()
我不会通过函数_getAllAssociatedVariablesToBeDrawn因为它只返回带有提供列表的键的字典，这不是问题所在。
因此，在创建时（最初单击按钮），一切正常，显示了一个精细的 Networkx 图。
我的问题是我有另一个按钮，我想刷新当前显示的所有图表：
def refreshFlowsDiagramFromDataTabs(self):
# loop through all pages
for tab_index in range(self.core_tab.count()):
data_tab_widget = self.core_tab.widget(tab_index)
data_tab_widget.axe.cla()
# associated data to the variable
data_name = self.core_tab.tabText(tab_index)
associated_data = self._getDataAssociatedToVariable(data_name)
# 1. draw graph
self._drawDataGraph(data_name, associated_data, data_tab_widget)
可悲的是，当单击按钮时，仅刷新最后一个图形（因此第 n 个选项卡之一），之前的所有图形都是空白的（因为它们已通过data_tab_widget.axe.cla()清除）
我试图评论data_tab_widget.axe.cla()以观察会发生什么：在这种情况下，显然第 1 到 (n-1) 个图没有被清除，但最后一个是用所有以前的图制作的，即第 n 个图形显示在最后一个图形上。
我绝不是 matplotlib 或 networkx 的专家，所以我不明白我做错了什么，这可能是一件非常简单的事情，但我很乐意在这个话题上使用一些帮助。
我希望我提供的代码足够了，应该是。
编辑
请在下面找到完全可复制的代码：添加选项卡，然后刷新它们以观察错误。
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import networkx as nx
class Canvas(FigureCanvas):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
self.figure = plt.figure()
FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.figure)
self.setParent(parent)
class data_tab(QtWidgets.QWidget):
#=========================================================================================
# Constructor
#=========================================================================================
def __init__(self, parent, title):
QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
self.data_tab_glayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self)
self.data_tab_glayout.setObjectName("data_tab_glayout")
self.canvas = Canvas(self)
self.canvas.setObjectName("canvas")
self.canvas_vlayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.canvas)
self.canvas_vlayout.setObjectName("canvas_vlayout")
self.data_tab_glayout.addWidget(self.canvas, 0, 0, 2, 1)
self.axe = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
self.canvas.figure.subplots_adjust(left=0.025, top=0.965, bottom=0.040, right=0.975)
# add the tab to the parent
parent.addTab(self, "")
# set text name
parent.setTabText(parent.indexOf(self), title)
class spec_writer(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
#=========================================================================================
# Constructor
#=========================================================================================
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
self.showMaximized()
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
self.core_tab = QtWidgets.QTabWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.core_tab)
self.add_tab_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.add_tab_btn)
self.refresh_tab_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.refresh_tab_btn)
self.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.add_tab_btn.setText("Add Tab")
self.refresh_tab_btn.setText("Refresh Tabs")
self.core_tab.setEnabled(True)
self.core_tab.setTabShape(QtWidgets.QTabWidget.Rounded)
self.core_tab.setElideMode(QtCore.Qt.ElideNone)
self.core_tab.setDocumentMode(False)
self.core_tab.setTabsClosable(True)
self.core_tab.setMovable(True)
self.core_tab.setTabBarAutoHide(False)
self.tab_counter = 0
self.random_tabs = [("a", ["b", "c"]),
("d", ["e", "f", "g"]),
("h", ["i", "j", "k", "l"]),
("m", ["n"]),
("o", ["p", "q"]),
("r", ["s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"])]
self.add_tab_btn.clicked.connect(self.openRandomTab)
self.refresh_tab_btn.clicked.connect(self.refreshAllTabs)
def openRandomTab(self):
tab = data_tab(self.core_tab, "test " + str(self.tab_counter))
self._drawDataGraph(self.tab_counter % len(self.random_tabs), tab)
self.tab_counter += 1
self.core_tab.setCurrentIndex(self.core_tab.indexOf(tab))
def _drawDataGraph(self, tabNb, dataWidget):
# 1. draw graph
producer = self.random_tabs[tabNb][0]
consumers = self.random_tabs[tabNb][1]
color_map = []
DG = nx.DiGraph()
DG.add_node(producer)
for cons in consumers:
DG.add_node(cons)
edges_bunch = [(producer, cons, 1) for cons in consumers]
DG.add_weighted_edges_from(edges_bunch)
for i in range(len(DG.nodes())):
if i < 1 + len(consumers):
color_map.append("#DCE46F")
else:
color_map.append("#6FA2E4")
#pos = nx.spring_layout(DG, k=0.4, iterations=20)
nx.draw_circular(DG, node_color=color_map, with_labels=True, font_size=8, node_size=1000, node_shape='o')
dataWidget.canvas.draw_idle()
def refreshAllTabs(self):
# loop through all pages and associated to get
for tab_index in range(self.core_tab.count()):
data_tab_widget = self.core_tab.widget(tab_index)
data_tab_widget.axe.cla()
# draw graph
self._drawDataGraph(tab_index % len(self.random_tabs), data_tab_widget)
sys.argv = ['']
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
cbtc_spec_writer = spec_writer()
cbtc_spec_writer.show()
app.exec_()
解决方案
如果要使用后端，则不应使用 pyplot，因为 pyplot 默认情况下只能在当前画布上工作，并且默认情况下它是最后一个。
例如，以下代码（已重新排序和清理）显示了如何实现它：
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import networkx as nx
class DataTab(QtWidgets.QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure(figsize=(5, 3)))
self.axes = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
self.canvas.figure.subplots_adjust(
left=0.025, top=0.965, bottom=0.040, right=0.975
)
data_tab_glayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self)
data_tab_glayout.addWidget(self.canvas)
class Spec_Writer(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
self.showMaximized()
self.core_tab = QtWidgets.QTabWidget(
tabShape=QtWidgets.QTabWidget.Rounded,
elideMode=QtCore.Qt.ElideNone,
documentMode=False,
tabsClosable=True,
movable=True,
tabBarAutoHide=False,
)
self.add_tab_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Add Tab")
self.refresh_tab_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Refresh Tabs")
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.core_tab)
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.add_tab_btn)
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.refresh_tab_btn)
self.tab_counter = 0
self.random_data = [
("a", ["b", "c"]),
("d", ["e", "f", "g"]),
("h", ["i", "j", "k", "l"]),
("m", ["n"]),
("o", ["p", "q"]),
("r", ["s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"]),
]
self.add_tab_btn.clicked.connect(self.open_random_tab)
self.refresh_tab_btn.clicked.connect(self.refresh_all_tabs)
def open_random_tab(self):
tab = DataTab()
index = self.core_tab.addTab(tab, "test {}".format(self.tab_counter))
self.core_tab.setCurrentIndex(index)
self.tab_counter += 1
self._draw_graph(self.tab_counter % len(self.random_data), tab)
def _draw_graph(self, index, tab):
tab.axes.cla()
producer, consumers = self.random_data[index]
color_map = []
DG = nx.DiGraph()
DG.add_node(producer)
for cons in consumers:
DG.add_node(cons)
edges_bunch = [(producer, cons, 1) for cons in consumers]
DG.add_weighted_edges_from(edges_bunch)
for i in range(len(DG.nodes())):
if i < 1 + len(consumers):
color_map.append("#DCE46F")
else:
color_map.append("#6FA2E4")
# pos = nx.spring_layout(DG, k=0.4, iterations=20)
nx.draw_circular(
DG,
node_color=color_map,
with_labels=True,
font_size=8,
node_size=1000,
node_shape="o",
ax=tab.axes,
)
tab.canvas.draw()
def refresh_all_tabs(self):
for tab_index in range(self.core_tab.count()):
data_tab_widget = self.core_tab.widget(tab_index)
self._draw_graph(tab_index % len(self.random_data), data_tab_widget)
def main():
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
cbtc_spec_writer = Spec_Writer()
cbtc_spec_writer.show()
app.exec_()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()