python - Python密码盐渍和胡椒

问题描述

我目前正在创建一个处理密码相关功能（散列和验证）的类。我的知识在这个领域非常基础。

经过一些研究，我很明显应该使用已经很好的散列库。我选择了bycrypt。还建议我应该为每个密码使用唯一的盐，以及不存储在数据库中的全局胡椒。我的代码运行良好，并按预期运行。

我的问题是，我是否正确地对密码进行了加盐和加盐？现在，我首先使用 sha256 输入密码，然后使用唯一的盐对其运行 bycrypt。我读过 sha256 不是为密码散列而设计的，所以在我们的情况下它不安全，但我应该用什么来代替它呢？作为对密码散列一无所知的人，这是安全的，还是我应该改变一些东西？

编辑： 如果我的代码太长，这是我质疑的浓缩部分：

import bycrypt
import hashlib
import hmac

password = "vEryC0mPl3X!!!"

PEPPER = "randompepperstring"
salt = bycrypt.gensalt()

peppered_password = hmac.new(PEPPER.encode("utf-8"), password.encode("utf-8"), hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
salted_peppered_password = bycrypt.hashpw(peppered_password.encode("utf-8"), salt)
heashed_password = salted_peppered_password.decode("utf-8")

完整代码：

from bcrypt import hashpw, checkpw, gensalt
from hashlib import sha256
from hmac import new

class EmailNotFoundError(Exception):
    pass

class PasswordError(Exception):
    pass

class PasswordLengthError(PasswordError):
    pass

class PasswordNotComplexError(PasswordError):
    pass

class PasswordManager:

    PEPPER = "randompepperstring"

    def _GenerateSalt() -> bytes:
        return gensalt()

    def _PepperPassword(password: str) -> str:
        return new(PasswordManager.PEPPER.encode("utf-8"), password.encode("utf-8"), sha256).hexdigest()

    def _SaltPassword(password: str, salt: bytes) -> bytes:
        password_bytes = password.encode('utf-8')
        return hashpw(password_bytes, salt)

    def _GetPasswordOfEmail(email: str) -> str:
        # hashed_pw is for testing purposes currently
        # result should come from and sql select, eg: SELECT CASE WHEN COUNT(1) > 0 THEN HashedPassword ELSE NULL END AS [HashedPassword] FROM Users WHERE Email LIKE email
        # result will select SQL NULL if no e-mail is found, which becomes a None in Python
        result = hashed_pw
        if result == None:
            raise EmailNotFoundError("The provided e-mail address does not exist in our database.")
        return result.encode("utf-8")

    def _ValidPasswordFormat(password: str) -> None:
        if 8 > len(password) >= 72:
            raise PasswordLengthError(f"The password should be between 8 and 72 characters long. The provided password '{password}' is {len(password)} characters long.")
        if not any(map(str.isdigit, password)):
            raise PasswordNotComplexError("The password contains no numbers. The password should contain at least 1 number, symbol, uppercase letter and lowercase letter.")
        if not any(map(str.islower, password)):
            raise PasswordNotComplexError("The password contains no lowercase letters. The password should contain at least 1 number, symbol, uppercase letter and lowercase letter.")
        if not any(map(str.isupper, password)):
            raise PasswordNotComplexError("The password contains no uppercase letters. The password should contain at least 1 number, symbol, uppercase letter and lowercase letter.")
        if not any(char in '!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~' for char in password):
            raise PasswordNotComplexError("The password contains no symbols (for example ! or * or = ...). The password should contain at least 1 number, symbol, uppercase letter and lowercase letter.")

    def HashPassword(password: str) -> str:

        PasswordManager._ValidPasswordFormat(password)
        salt =  PasswordManager._GenerateSalt()
        peppered_password = PasswordManager._PepperPassword(password)
        salted_peppered_password = PasswordManager._SaltPassword(peppered_password, salt)
        return salted_peppered_password.decode("utf-8")

    def VerifyLogin(email: str, input_password: str) -> bool:

        stored_password = PasswordManager._GetPasswordOfEmail(email)
        return checkpw(PasswordManager._PepperPassword(input_password).encode('utf-8'), stored_password)

# TESTING
hashed_pw = PasswordManager.HashPassword("vEryC0mPl3X!!!")
print(PasswordManager.VerifyLogin("john@gmail.com", "vEryC0mPl3X!!!"))
print(PasswordManager.VerifyLogin("john@gmail.com", "not"))
print(PasswordManager.VerifyLogin("john@gmail.com", "good"))
print(PasswordManager.VerifyLogin("john@gmail.com", "at all"))

标签： pythonsecurityhashpasswordssalt

python - Python密码盐渍和胡椒

问题描述

解决方案

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