c++ - Microsoft C++ 异常:来自 DLL 的函数中内存位置的 std::bad_array_new_length
问题描述
我使用 Visual Studio 2019。我编写了两个测试项目:exe 和 dll。我的 dll 包括 noexported 类和导出函数:
#pragma once
#include <vector>
#ifdef DLL_EXPORT
#define DLL __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define DLL __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
struct dll
{
public:
std::vector<int> a;
std::vector<int> b;
std::vector<int> c;
int d;
};
extern "C" DLL dll * _data1();
及实现功能:
#include "dll.h"
dll* _data1()
{
dll* a = new dll;
return a;
}
然后,我的 exe 包括 main.cpp,它调用函数_data1()
:
#include "../Dll1/dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "../Project1/Debug/Dll1.lib")
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
dll* b = _data1();
b->a.push_back(1);
return 0;
}
此代码在线损坏b->a.push_back(1);
。我调试了我的代码,并了解到函数 _data1() 返回正确的值,但函数WinMain
值已经损坏。此外,在我的 exe 中为运行时库设置标志 /MD 并删除预处理器定义 _DEBUG。这是一个强制性条件。
在我的 DLL 中,我定义了 DLL_EXPORT。
当前配置:调试 Win32
为什么会发生这种情况?
UPD1:
XML 配置。可执行程序:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
<Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
<Platform>Win32</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="main.cpp" />
</ItemGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
<VCProjectVersion>16.0</VCProjectVersion>
<Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
<ProjectGuid>{bc6cc284-56fc-4b4a-8d42-9d15887c7155}</ProjectGuid>
<RootNamespace>ConsoleApplication5</RootNamespace>
<WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
<ProjectName>TestApp</ProjectName>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v142</PlatformToolset>
<CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="Shared">
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<ClCompile>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
<FloatingPointModel>Fast</FloatingPointModel>
<RuntimeTypeInfo>true</RuntimeTypeInfo>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
</ImportGroup>
</Project>
dll:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
<Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
<Platform>Win32</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClInclude Include="dll.h" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="dll.cpp" />
</ItemGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
<VCProjectVersion>16.0</VCProjectVersion>
<Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
<ProjectGuid>{328cdf3e-630e-46c0-9be9-9b838a13873f}</ProjectGuid>
<RootNamespace>Dll1</RootNamespace>
<WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
<ProjectName>Dll</ProjectName>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v142</PlatformToolset>
<CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="Shared">
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<ClCompile>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>DLL_EXPORT;WIN32;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
<PrecompiledHeader>NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
<PrecompiledHeaderFile>pch.h</PrecompiledHeaderFile>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
<EnableUAC>false</EnableUAC>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
</ImportGroup>
</Project>
解决方案
问题在于所使用的运行时库之间的差异:DLL 使用调试 DLL 运行时 (/MTd),而应用程序使用发布 EXE 运行时 (/MD)。您应该将应用程序切换到调试 (/MTd)。内存管理仅适用于一致的库。
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