python - Django 评论/优化/建议

Question

在过去的几周里，我一直在学习 Django，并且一直在从事一些项目作为实践和学习现实世界的应用程序。

我的页面（如下图所示）显示学生列表，以及分配给这些学生的教师，在这些页面上，我有许多表格可以做不同的事情，例如选择学生、创建新学生、编辑学生、分配教师等等

我在下面附上了我的代码，这一切都很好，但我不禁觉得这是一种效率极低的方法。热衷于听取人们的想法和反馈。我总是热衷于学习！

学生屏幕（忽略红色方块，只覆盖学校名称和徽标）：

视图.py

@login_required(login_url='/login/')
def students(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

    ## Checks which form is submitted, and actions the correct form
        if 'new_student' in request.POST:
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            teacher_queryset = ''
            search_term = ""
            view_state = ''
            new_teacher_state = ''
            form = StudentForm(request.POST)
            if form.is_valid():
                save_form = form.save(commit=False)
                save_form.creationuser = request.user
                save_form.save()
                save_form = StudentForm()

        if 'new_teacher' in request.POST:
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            teacher_queryset = ''
            search_term = ""
            view_state = ''
            new_teacher_state = ''
            form = TeacherForm(request.POST)
            if form.is_valid():
                save_form = form.save(commit=False)
                save_form.creationuser = request.user
                save_form.save()
                save_form = TeacherForm()

        if 'assign_teacher' in request.POST:
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            teacher_queryset = ''
            search_term = ""
            view_state = ''
            new_teacher_state = ''
            form = TeacherForm()
            selected = request.GET['select_student']
            selected_student = get_object_or_404(Student, pk=selected)
            teacher_selected = request.POST.getlist('assign_teacher')
            teacher = get_object_or_404(Teacher, pk__in=teacher_selected)
            selected_student.teachers.add(teacher)
            selected_student.save()
        
        if 'remove_teacher' in request.POST:
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            teacher_queryset = ''
            search_term = ""
            view_state = ''
            new_teacher_state = ''
            form = TeacherForm()
            selected = request.GET['select_student']
            selected_student = get_object_or_404(Student, pk=selected)
            teacher_selected = request.POST.getlist('remove_teacher')
            teacher = get_object_or_404(Teacher, pk__in=teacher_selected)
            selected_student.teachers.remove(teacher)
            selected_student.save()

        elif 'delete_student' in request.POST:
            form = StudentForm()
            view_state = ''
            new_teacher_state = ''
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            teacher_queryset = ''
            search_term = ""
        # Fetch list of items to delete, by ID
            items_to_delete = request.POST.getlist('delete_student')
        # Delete those items all in one go
            Student.objects.filter(pk__in=items_to_delete).delete()
            return redirect('./')

        elif 'edit_student' in request.POST:
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            teacher_queryset = ''
            search_term = ""
            new_teacher_state = ''
            selected = request.GET['select_student']
            selected_student = Student.objects.all().filter(pk=selected)[0]
            form = StudentForm(initial={'fullname': selected_student.fullname, 'firstname': selected_student.firstname, 'lastname': selected_student.lastname, 'homeschool': selected_student.homeschool, 'schoolclass': selected_student.schoolclass, 'yearlevel': selected_student.yearlevel, 'homeschoolday': selected_student.homeschoolday, 'weeklycommentday': selected_student.weeklycommentday})
            view_state = 'edit'

        elif 'new_teacher_view' in request.POST:
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            view_state = ''
            search_term = ""
            selected = request.GET['select_student']
            selected_student = Student.objects.all().filter(pk=selected)[0]
            teacher_queryset = selected_student.teachers.all()
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool).exclude(pk__in=teacher_queryset)
            form = TeacherForm(initial={'school': selected_student.homeschool})
            new_teacher_state = request.POST['new_teacher_view']
    
        elif 'save_student' in request.POST:
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            teacher_queryset = ''
            search_term = ""
            new_teacher_state = ''
            instance = Student.objects.get(pk=request.POST.get('save_student'))
            form = StudentForm(request.POST, instance=instance)
            if form.is_valid():
                form.save()
                view_state = ''
            else:
                view_state = 'edit'

        elif 'search' in request.POST:
            form = StudentForm()
            view_state = ''
            new_teacher_state = ''
            search_term = request.POST['search']
            student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(fullname__icontains=search_term, creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
            teacher_queryset = ''

    else:
        form = StudentForm()
        view_state = ''
        new_teacher_state = ''
        student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
        all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
        teacher_queryset = ''
        search_term = ""
        

    ## Select Student Function
    if 'select_student' in request.GET:
        selected = request.GET['select_student']
        selected_student = Student.objects.all().filter(pk=selected)[0]
        teacher_queryset = selected_student.teachers.all()
    else:
        selected_student = ""
        new = ""

    ## New Student Function
    if 'new_student' in request.GET:
        new = request.GET['new_student']

    else:
        new = ""


    context = {
        'students': student_queryset,
        'search_text': search_term,
        'form': form,
        'selected_student': selected_student,
        'new_student': new,
        'view_state': view_state,
        'new_teacher_view': new_teacher_state,
        'teachers': teacher_queryset,
        'all_teachers': all_teachers_queryset,
    }

    return render(request,"content_admin_pages/students.html",context)

学生.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load crispy_forms_tags %}


{% block head %}

    <style>

    .student-list {
        margin-left: 200px;
        height: 100%;
        width: 350px;
        position: fixed;
        overflow: hidden; 
        overflow-y: scroll;
        border-right: 1px solid;
        border-color: #d3d3d3;
    }

    .teacher-list {
        margin-left: 550px;
        height: 100%;
        width: 100%;
        overflow: hidden; 
        overflow-y: scroll;
        border-right: 1px solid;
        border-color: #d3d3d3;
    }

    .item-details {
        margin-top: 10px;
        margin-left: 15px;
        padding: 0 0 0 0;
    }

    .student-div {
        margin-left: 550px;
        padding-top: 10px;
    }

    .student-div p {
        padding-left: 20px;
    }

    .student-body {
        margin-left: 550px;
        padding-top: 10px;
        padding-left: 20px;
    }

    .item-select-button {
        position: absolute;
        top: 20%;
        right: 5px;
        background: transparent;
        border: none !important;
    }

    .new-teacher-button {
        background: transparent;
        border: none !important;
        position: absolute;
        right: 10px;
        top: 23%;
    }

    .icon-only-button {
        background: transparent;
        border: none !important;
    }

    .search {
        padding-left: 10px;
        height: 40px;
        width: 310px;
        border: none;
        padding-right: 2px;
    }

    .new_student_button {
        height: 40px;
        width: 30px;
        background: transparent;
        border: none !important;
        padding: 0 0 0 0;    
    }

    </style>

{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="student-list">
        <div class="input-group" style="border-bottom: 1px solid;">
            <form method="POST" name="search">
            {% csrf_token %}
                <input class="search" name="search" type="search" placeholder="Search.." value="{{ search_text }}">
            </form>
            <form method="GET" name="new_student">
            <button type="submit" class="new_student_button" name="new_student" value="new">
                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-plus-lg" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M8 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6h6a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H9v6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9H1a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6V1a1 1 0 0 1 1-1z"/></svg>
            </button>   
            </form>         
        </div>
        {% for instance in students %}
        <div class="input-group" style="border-bottom: 1px solid; {% if selected_student.pk == instance.pk %} background: #0080ff; {% endif %}">
            <div class="item-details">
                <p {% if selected_student.pk == instance.pk %} style="color: white;" {% endif %}>
                    <b>{{ instance.fullname }}</b>
                    <br>
                    {{ instance.homeschool }}
                </p>
            </div>
            <div class="select-item">
                <form method="GET" class="form-group" name="select_student">
                    <button class="item-select-button" {% if selected_student.pk == instance.pk %} style="color: white;" {% endif %} type="submit" name="select_student" value="{{ instance.pk }}">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-arrow-right-short" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 8a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h5.793L8.146 5.354a.5.5 0 1 1 .708-.708l3 3a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-3 3a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L10.293 8.5H4.5A.5.5 0 0 1 4 8z"/></svg>
                    </button>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    {% if selected_student != "" %}
    <div style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align:center; border-bottom: 1px solid;" class="student-div">
        <h1>{{ selected_student.fullname }}</h1>
            <form style="display:inline-block;" method="POST" class="form-group" name="delete_student">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <button onclick="return confirm('Are you sure you want to delete {{ selected_student.fullname }}?');" class="icon-only-button" type="submit" name="delete_student" value="{{ selected_student.pk }}">
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-trash" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5.5 5.5A.5.5 0 0 1 6 6v6a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V6a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5zm2.5 0a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v6a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V6a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5zm3 .5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v6a.5.5 0 0 0 1 0V6z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14.5 3a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H13v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4h-.5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1H6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1h3.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1zM4.118 4 4 4.059V13a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h6a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V4.059L11.882 4H4.118zM2.5 3V2h11v1h-11z"/></svg>
                </button>
            </form>
            {% if view_state != "edit" %}
                <form style="display:inline-block;" method="POST" class="form-group" name="edit_student">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <button class="icon-only-button form-group" type="submit" name="edit_student">
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-pencil-square" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M15.502 1.94a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .706L14.459 3.69l-2-2L13.502.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .707 0l1.293 1.293zm-1.75 2.456-2-2L4.939 9.21a.5.5 0 0 0-.121.196l-.805 2.414a.25.25 0 0 0 .316.316l2.414-.805a.5.5 0 0 0 .196-.12l6.813-6.814z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 13.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 2.5 15h11a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 1.5-1.5v-6a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v6a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-11a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-11a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5H9a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1H2.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 1 2.5v11z"/></svg>
                </button>
                </form>
            {% endif %}
    </div>
    <div class="student-div">
        {% if view_state != "edit" %}
        <p><b>First Name:</b> {{selected_student.firstname}}</p>
        <p><b>Last Name:</b> {{selected_student.lastname}}</p>
        <p><b>Home School:</b> {{selected_student.homeschool}}</p>
        <p><b>Year Level:</b> {{selected_student.yearlevel}}</p>
        <p><b>Class:</b> {{selected_student.schoolclass}}</p>
        <p><b>Home School Day:</b> {{selected_student.homeschoolday}}</p>
        <p><b>Weekly Comment Day:</b> {{selected_student.weeklycommentday}}</p>
        {% else %}
        <form style="margin-left:20px;" method="POST" class="form-group" name="save_student">
        {% csrf_token %}
            {{ form|crispy }}
            <br>
            <button style="margin-left:45%;" type="submit" name="save_student" class="btn btn-success" value={{selected_student.pk}}>Save</button>
        </form>
        {% endif %}
    </div>
    <div style="background-color: #EFEFEF; text-align:center; position: relative; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" class="student-div">
        <h3>Teachers</h3>
        <form method="POST" name="new_student_view">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {% if new_teacher_view == "" %}
            <button class="new-teacher-button" type="submit" name="new_teacher_view" value="new">
                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-person-plus-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 14s-1 0-1-1 1-4 6-4 6 3 6 4-1 1-1 1H1zm5-6a3 3 0 1 0 0-6 3 3 0 0 0 0 6z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.5 5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5V7h1.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H14v1.5a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V8h-1.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1H13V5.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"/></svg>
            </button>
            <button style="right: 55px"class="new-teacher-button" type="submit" name="new_teacher_view" value="assign">
                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-person-lines-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M6 8a3 3 0 1 0 0-6 3 3 0 0 0 0 6zm-5 6s-1 0-1-1 1-4 6-4 6 3 6 4-1 1-1 1H1zM11 3.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h4a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-4a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm.5 2.5a.5.5 0 0 0 0 1h4a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1h-4zm2 3a.5.5 0 0 0 0 1h2a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1h-2zm0 3a.5.5 0 0 0 0 1h2a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1h-2z"/></svg>
            </button>
        {% else %}
            <button class="new-teacher-button" type="submit" name="new_teacher_view" value="">
                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-x-lg" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L8 6.586l5.293-5.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L9.414 8l5.293 5.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L8 9.414l-5.293 5.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L6.586 8 1.293 2.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414z"/></svg>
            </button>
        {% endif %}
        </form>  
    </div>
    {% if new_teacher_view == "" %}
    <div class="teacher-list">       
        {% for instance in teachers %}
        <div class="input-group" style="border-bottom: 1px solid;">
            <form method="POST" class="form-group" name="remove_teacher">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <button class="icon-only-button" style="margin-top: 50%; margin-left: 10px;" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure you want to remove {{ instance.fullname }}?');" type="submit" name="remove_teacher" value={{instance.pk}}>
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-x-lg" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L8 6.586l5.293-5.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L9.414 8l5.293 5.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L8 9.414l-5.293 5.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L6.586 8 1.293 2.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414z"/></svg>
                </button>
            </form>
            <div class="item-details">
                <p>
                    <b>{{ instance.fullname }}</b>
                    <br>
                    {{ instance.school }}
                </p>
            </div>
        </div>
        {% endfor %}
    </div>
    {% elif new_teacher_view == "new" %}
    <div style="text-align: center" class="student-div">
        <h3>Create a New Teacher</h3>
            <form method="POST" class="form-group" name="new_teacher">
                {% csrf_token %}
                {{ form|crispy }}
                <br>
                <button type="submit" name="new_teacher" class="btn btn-success">Create</button>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
    {% else %}
    <div class="teacher-list">       
        {% for instance in all_teachers %}
        <div class="input-group" style="border-bottom: 1px solid;">
            <form method="POST" class="form-group" name="assign_teacher">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <button class="icon-only-button" style="margin-top: 50%; margin-left: 10px;" type="submit" name="assign_teacher" value={{instance.pk}}>
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-plus-lg" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M8 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6h6a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H9v6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9H1a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6V1a1 1 0 0 1 1-1z"/></svg>
                </button>
            </form>
            <div class="item-details">
                <p>
                    <b>{{ instance.fullname }}</b>
                    <br>
                    {{ instance.school }}
                </p>
            </div>
        </div>
        {% endfor %}
    </div>
    {% endif %}
    {% endif %}
    {% if new_student == "new" %}
    <div style="text-align: center" class="student-div">
        <h3>Create a New Student</h3>
            <form method="POST" class="form-group" name="student">
                {% csrf_token %}
                {{ form|crispy }}
                <br>
                <button type="submit" name="new_student" class="btn btn-success">Create</button>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
    {% endif %}

{% endblock %}

标签： pythonhtmlcssdjango

Answer 1

您已经习惯了代码中的大量重复。将您的 if 语句作为一个函数，并使用所需的参数调用它并使用该值。而不是一次又一次地使用代码。

def check(request,Student,Teacher,pk,task):
 if task in request.POST:
        student_queryset = Student.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
        all_teachers_queryset = Teacher.objects.all().filter(creationuser__userschool=request.user.userschool)
        teacher_queryset = ''
        search_term = ""
        view_state = ''
        new_teacher_state = ''
        form = TeacherForm()
        selected = request.GET['select_student']
        selected_student = get_object_or_404(Student, pk=selected)
        teacher_selected = request.POST.getlist('assign_teacher')
        teacher = get_object_or_404(Teacher, pk__in=teacher_selected)
        selected_student.teachers.add(teacher)
        selected_student.save()

这只是一个例子，可能有错误，只是为了给你看。改变它你的需要