json - 从 serde_json 中的无类型 JSON 中提取数据时如何处理错误？
问题描述
我有一个serde_json::Value我希望包含一个对象数组的对象。从这些对象中，我想提取 2 个值并在任何失败时返回错误。到目前为止，这是我的代码：
use std::collections::HashMap;
use anyhow::Result;
fn get_stock(response: serde_json::Value) -> Result<HashMap<String, u32>>{
response["products"]
.as_array()?.iter()
.map(|product| {
let product = product.as_object()?;
(
product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
//as_u64 fails for some reason
product["stock"].as_str()?.parse::<u32>()?,
)
})
.collect()?
}
当我使用.unwrap()它时效果很好，但是在将返回类型更改为Result并将 unwraps 替换为之后，?我得到了以下编译错误：
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used on `Result`s, not `Option`s, in a function that returns `Result`
--> src/bin/products.rs:7:20
|
5 | / fn get_stock(response: serde_json::Value) -> Result<HashMap<String, u32>>{
6 | | response["products"]
7 | | .as_array()?.iter()
| | ^ use `.ok_or(...)?` to provide an error compatible with `Result<HashMap<std::string::String, u32>, anyhow::Error>`
8 | | .map(|product| {
... |
16 | | .collect()?
17 | | }
| |_- this function returns a `Result`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Option<Infallible>>` is not implemented for `Result<HashMap<std::string::String, u32>, anyhow::Error>`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a closure that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `FromResidual`)
--> src/bin/products.rs:9:46
|
8 | .map(|product| {
| ______________-
9 | | let product = product.as_object()?;
| | ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a closure that returns `(std::string::String, u32)`
10 | | (
11 | | product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
... |
14 | | )
15 | | })
| |_________- this function should return `Result` or `Option` to accept `?`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Option<Infallible>>` is not implemented for `(std::string::String, u32)`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a closure that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `FromResidual`)
--> src/bin/products.rs:11:41
|
8 | .map(|product| {
| ______________-
9 | | let product = product.as_object()?;
10 | | (
11 | | product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
| | ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a closure that returns `(std::string::String, u32)`
... |
14 | | )
15 | | })
| |_________- this function should return `Result` or `Option` to accept `?`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Option<Infallible>>` is not implemented for `(std::string::String, u32)`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a closure that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `FromResidual`)
--> src/bin/products.rs:13:42
|
8 | .map(|product| {
| ______________-
9 | | let product = product.as_object()?;
10 | | (
11 | | product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
12 | | //as_u64 fails for some reason
13 | | product["stock"].as_str()?.parse::<u32>()?,
| | ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a closure that returns `(std::string::String, u32)`
14 | | )
15 | | })
| |_________- this function should return `Result` or `Option` to accept `?`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Option<Infallible>>` is not implemented for `(std::string::String, u32)`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a closure that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `FromResidual`)
--> src/bin/products.rs:13:58
|
8 | .map(|product| {
| ______________-
9 | | let product = product.as_object()?;
10 | | (
11 | | product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
12 | | //as_u64 fails for some reason
13 | | product["stock"].as_str()?.parse::<u32>()?,
| | ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a closure that returns `(std::string::String, u32)`
miav@battlestation catbot % cargo run --bin products
Compiling catbot v0.1.0 (/Users/miav/Documents/Personal/Projects/programming/catbot)
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used on `Result`s, not `Option`s, in a function that returns `Result`
--> src/bin/products.rs:7:20
|
5 | / fn get_stock(response: serde_json::Value) -> Result<HashMap<String, u32>>{
6 | | response["products"]
7 | | .as_array()?.iter()
| | ^ use `.ok_or(...)?` to provide an error compatible with `Result<HashMap<std::string::String, u32>, anyhow::Error>`
8 | | .map(|product| {
... |
16 | | .collect()?
17 | | }
| |_- this function returns a `Result`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Option<Infallible>>` is not implemented for `Result<HashMap<std::string::String, u32>, anyhow::Error>`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a closure that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `FromResidual`)
--> src/bin/products.rs:9:46
|
8 | .map(|product| {
| ______________-
9 | | let product = product.as_object()?;
| | ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a closure that returns `(std::string::String, u32)`
10 | | (
11 | | product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
... |
14 | | )
15 | | })
| |_________- this function should return `Result` or `Option` to accept `?`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Option<Infallible>>` is not implemented for `(std::string::String, u32)`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a closure that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `FromResidual`)
--> src/bin/products.rs:11:41
|
8 | .map(|product| {
| ______________-
9 | | let product = product.as_object()?;
10 | | (
11 | | product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
| | ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a closure that returns `(std::string::String, u32)`
... |
14 | | )
15 | | })
| |_________- this function should return `Result` or `Option` to accept `?`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Option<Infallible>>` is not implemented for `(std::string::String, u32)`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a closure that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `FromResidual`)
--> src/bin/products.rs:13:42
|
8 | .map(|product| {
| ______________-
9 | | let product = product.as_object()?;
10 | | (
11 | | product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
12 | | //as_u64 fails for some reason
13 | | product["stock"].as_str()?.parse::<u32>()?,
| | ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a closure that returns `(std::string::String, u32)`
14 | | )
15 | | })
| |_________- this function should return `Result` or `Option` to accept `?`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Option<Infallible>>` is not implemented for `(std::string::String, u32)`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a closure that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `FromResidual`)
--> src/bin/products.rs:13:58
|
8 | .map(|product| {
| ______________-
9 | | let product = product.as_object()?;
10 | | (
11 | | product["name"].as_str()?.to_owned(),
12 | | //as_u64 fails for some reason
13 | | product["stock"].as_str()?.parse::<u32>()?,
| | ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a closure that returns `(std::string::String, u32)`
14 | | )
15 | | })
| |_________- this function should return `Result` or `Option` to accept `?`
|
= help: the trait `FromResidual<Result<Infallible, ParseIntError>>` is not implemented for `(std::string::String, u32)`
= note: required by `from_residual`
error: aborting due to 5 previous errors
我事先不知道 JSON 的确切结构，因此无法将其解析为结构。我所知道的是，它很可能是一个包含name字符串字段和stock整数字段的对象数组，我想将它们提取到地图中。如果情况并非如此，那么我想返回一个错误。最简单的方法是什么？
更新：在遵循 Lagerbaer 的建议并进行一些挖掘后，我想出了以下解决方案。
use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use std::collections::HashMap;
fn get_stock(response: serde_json::Value) -> Result<HashMap<String, u32>> {
response
.get("products")
.ok_or(anyhow!("'products' not found"))?
.as_array()
.ok_or(anyhow!("'products' is not an array"))?
.iter()
.map(|product| -> Result<(String, u32)> {
let product = product.as_object().unwrap();
Ok((
product
.get("name")
.ok_or(anyhow!("'name' not found"))?
.as_str()
.ok_or(anyhow!("'name' is not a string"))?
.trim()
.to_owned(),
//as_u64 fails for some reason
product
.get("stock")
.ok_or(anyhow!("'stock' not found"))?
.as_str()
.ok_or(anyhow!("'stock' is not a string"))?
.parse::<u32>()?,
))
})
.collect()
}
用于ok_or()映射Option到Result，必须使用anyhow!宏使其与无论如何结果类型兼容。事实还证明，它collect()实际上接受了一个迭代器
Result<(String, u32)>来生成Result<HashMap<String, u32>>具有我想要的确切行为的 a，也就是说，如果没有错误，则返回第一个错误或完整的哈希映射。
解决方案
所以这里有几个问题，编译器会尽力告诉你。
我会让你从第一个开始，然后我鼓励你尝试单独尝试一下。
因此，第一个错误显然是as_array返回 anOption而不是Result，因此，您不能在?那里使用运算符。
幸运的是，编译器会告诉你该做什么：Option有一个ok_or你应该调用的方法。它会Option变成Result. 如果Option是，Some(value)你会得到一个Ok(value)，如果Option是None，你会得到你在ok_or参数中指定的任何错误。
另一个容易发现的错误是：您的函数返回 a Result，因此返回值显然应该是 a Result。因此，最后的最后一个?应该被删除，因为这?需要 aResult并将其转换为“纯”值（如果结果是Ok）。
然后剩下的就是弄清楚闭包应该返回什么。也许您可以在修复我上面解释的其他错误后尝试。
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