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javascript - 新的“随机”数，不同于之前的“随机”数，范围整数 0—5

问题描述

我正在尝试创建一个函数，该函数将采用整数 (0-5) 并生成一个具有除n以外的任何值的新整数 (0-5)。这是我的方法：

function getNewRand(oldRand, max) {
  do {
    newRand = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max + 1));
  }
  while (newRand == oldRand);
  return newRand;
}

我的想法是do...while循环应该生成数字，直到它吐出一个newRand不等于oldRand的数字，然后中断并返回最后生成的值。

但是这段代码不能可靠地为 n 返回一个非 n 值。

编辑：我不需要完美的分布或“从甲板上绘制”丢弃使用过的选项，只是从 6 个未选择的 5 个按钮中的一个新选择。

完整代码：

//window.onload = randomizeCat()
var radioChoices = 5 // the number of radio buttons
var array = document.getElementsByName('category');
seedRand = Math.floor(Math.random() * radioChoices);
array[seedRand].checked = true;

catData = [
  ['Royalty', 'People <em>with</em> crowns'],
  ['Villains', '<strong>Stabbies</strong>'],
  ['Offense', '<span style="color:blue;font-size:46px;">Big Stabbies</span>'],
  ['Equestrians', '<strong>Hexapodal Stabbies</strong>'],
  ['Swabbies', 'Tattoo Stabbies'],
  ['Infernal', 'Pitchfork Stabbies'],
]

document.getElementById('royalty').addEventListener('click', updateIcon);
document.getElementById('assassin').addEventListener('click', updateIcon);
document.getElementById('army').addEventListener('click', updateIcon);
document.getElementById('calvary').addEventListener('click', updateIcon);
document.getElementById('privateer').addEventListener('click', updateIcon);
document.getElementById('devil').addEventListener('click', updateIcon);
document.getElementById('cat_rand_btn').addEventListener('click', randomizeCat);

function updateIcon() {
  const catNum = document.querySelector("input[name=category]:checked").value; //works     
  let svg = document.getElementById('cat_icon'); //works     

  svg.setAttribute("viewBox", (catNum * 24) + " 0 24 24");
  updateLabel(catNum); //works
}

function updateLabel(catNum) {
  document.getElementById('cat_rand_label').textContent = catData[catNum][0]; // Put first value from array. Value only
  document.getElementById('category_info').innerHTML = catData[catNum][1]; // Put 2nd value from array. Allows HTML

}

function randomizeCat() {
  var array = document.getElementsByName('category');
  //  let randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 5);
  let current = 5;
  let randomNumber = getNewRand(current, 5);
  array[randomNumber].checked = true;
  updateLabel(randomNumber);
  updateIcon(randomNumber);
}


function getNewRand(oldRand, max) {
  do {
    newRand = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max + 1));
  }
  while (newRand == oldRand);
  return newRand;
}
#cat_rand_label {
  font-size: 200%;
}

#cat_icon {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
}

#cat_icon:hover {
  filter: invert(16%) sepia(18%) saturate(6943%) hue-rotate(342deg) brightness(118%) contrast(90%);
}

#cat_rand_btn {
  width: 100px;
  height: 120px;
}
<div class="h_selection">
  <input type="radio" id="royalty" class="cat_Choice" name="category" value="0" />
  <label for="Royalty" onclick="updateCat()">Royalty</label>

  <input type="radio" id="assassin" class="cat_Choice" name="category" value="1" />
  <label for="Assassin" onclick="updateCat()">Assassin</label>

  <input type="radio" id="army" class="cat_Choice" name="category" value="2" />
  <label for="Army" onclick="updateCat()">Army</label>

  <input type="radio" id="calvary" class="cat_Choice" name="category" value="3" />
  <label for="Calvary" onclick="updateCat()">Calvary</label>

  <input type="radio" id="privateer" class="cat_Choice" name="category" value="4" />
  <label for="Privateer" onclick="updateCat()">Privateer</label>

  <input type="radio" id="devil" class="cat_Choice" name="category" value="5" />
  <label for="Devil">Devil</label>

</div>


<div>
  <button id="cat_rand_btn" class="image-text-button shaker" title="Random Category" onclick="randomizeCat()">

    <svg id="cat_icon" class="bright_filter" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="90%">
      <path d="m68.18 21.78a20.29 20.29 0 0 1 -3.18-1.72l-1.75 2.05-.07-.11a2.12 2.12 0 0 1 .35-2.23c-16.31-10.67-13.68-18.47-13.68-18.47 2.37 4.6 5 3.13 5 3.13 0 6.43 7.88 11.89 10.11 13.67l1.29-1.7v.12a3 3 0 0 1 -.5 2.64 15.66 15.66 0 0 0 3 1.63" />
      <path d="m39.1 10.65a5.35 5.35 0 0 0 -2-.7c0-.93 0-2.08 0-3.51 0-1.8 1.08-2.38-.93-2.38s-.9.58-.9 2.38v3.51a5.31 5.31 0 0 0 -2 .7l-.4.26.5.79.4-.25a3.61 3.61 0 0 1 1-.41c-.07 1.62-.27 8.73 1.43 11.2 1.64-2.49 1.49-9.59 1.43-11.21a4 4 0 0 1 1 .42l.4.25.51-.79z" />
      <path d="m32.18 9.09a5.17 5.17 0 0 0 -1.86-1c.15-.92.34-2 .56-3.47.28-1.77 1.44-2.18-.54-2.49s-1 .43-1.27 2.21c-.22 1.42-.4 2.55-.53 3.47a5.13 5.13 0 0 0 -2.08.38l-.46.18.38.87.43-.19a3.66 3.66 0 0 1 1-.26c-.32 1.59-1.63 8.59-.34 11.29 2-2.21 3-9.24 3.17-10.84a3.3 3.3 0 0 1 .88.56l.36.31.62-.71z" />
      <path d="m46 8.18a5.21 5.21 0 0 0 -2.09-.38c-.13-.92-.31-2-.53-3.47-.28-1.78.71-2.53-1.27-2.21s-.82.72-.54 2.49c.23 1.42.41 2.55.57 3.47a5 5 0 0 0 -1.86 1l-.36.31.63.71.35-.31a3.3 3.3 0 0 1 .88-.56c.2 1.6 1.16 8.63 3.17 10.84 1.29-2.7 0-9.7-.34-11.29a3.66 3.66 0 0 1 1 .26l.43.19.38-.87z" />
      <path d="m23.51 7.2a2.44 2.44 0 0 1 -2.51.67c.2 2.25-1.73 5.69-2.9 5.22s-.9-5.5 1.3-6.48a3.52 3.52 0 0 1 -1.51-2.54 3 3 0 0 1 -2.3 1.41c1.13 1.63 0 6.93-1.66 6.34-1.22-.43-1.62-5.44 0-7.44a3.61 3.61 0 0 1 -2-2.21 3.62 3.62 0 0 1 -1.93 2.21c1.6 2 1.21 7 0 7.44-1.7.59-2.79-4.71-1.66-6.34a3 3 0 0 1 -2.34-1.41 3.53 3.53 0 0 1 -1.5 2.54c2.2 1 2.33 6.06 1.29 6.48s-3.1-3-2.89-5.22a2.42 2.42 0 0 1 -2.54-.67l4 11.46a.48.48 0 0 0 -.14.31v1c0 .92 3.43 1.66 7.67 1.66s7.68-.74 7.68-1.66v-.97a.45.45 0 0 0 -.15-.31zm-11.58 13.71c-3.7 0-6.7-.65-6.7-1.45s3-1.44 6.7-1.44 6.71.64 6.71 1.44-3.01 1.45-6.71 1.45z" />
      <path d="m94.2 10.77-4.2-3.43a.24.24 0 0 1 0-.12c-.08-.27-.16-.55-.23-.84a1.88 1.88 0 0 0 -1.06-1.27l-2.71-1.28a.13.13 0 0 1 -.09-.15v-.37c.09-.61.17-1.22.27-1.83a.4.4 0 0 0 -.47-.48 3.61 3.61 0 0 0 -1.71.94 5.23 5.23 0 0 0 -1.36 2.06.18.18 0 0 1 0 .07.09.09 0 0 1 -.06 0l-.39.13a13.64 13.64 0 0 0 -7.19 18.62h2.6a11.7 11.7 0 0 1 4.68-17.17 10.24 10.24 0 0 0 -5.82 10 11.61 11.61 0 0 0 3 7.07l10.95.08h.08a.26.26 0 0 0 .25-.32c0-.1 0-.19 0-.29a6.43 6.43 0 0 0 -1.58-3.19 15.4 15.4 0 0 0 -1.85-1.76 7.28 7.28 0 0 1 -1.07-1 2.22 2.22 0 0 1 -.56-1.62 1.93 1.93 0 0 1 .58-1.14 3 3 0 0 0 1.59.41 4.92 4.92 0 0 0 1.85-.4.14.14 0 0 1 .14 0l1.76 1.16a1.51 1.51 0 0 0 2.1-.49c.26-.46.52-.93.79-1.38a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 -.29-2.01zm-7.57-3.43a5 5 0 0 1 2.8.62c-1.56 2.5-2.8-.62-2.8-.62z" />
      <circle cx="69.07" cy="21.6" r="1.07" />
      <path d="m51.66 21.78a20.29 20.29 0 0 0 3.19-1.72l1.75 2.05.06-.15a2.12 2.12 0 0 0 -.35-2.23c16.31-10.63 13.69-18.43 13.69-18.43-2.37 4.6-5 3.13-5 3.13 0 6.43-7.89 11.89-10.11 13.67l-1.29-1.7v.12a3 3 0 0 0 .5 2.64 16 16 0 0 1 -3 1.63" />
      <circle cx="50.77" cy="21.6" r="1.07" />
      <path d="m117.47 13.87a6.9 6.9 0 0 0 -2.1-3.4 30.28 30.28 0 0 1 -1.3 3.58c-.09.16.09.33.27.27l.18-.07a.22.22 0 0 1 .25.07c-.1.44-.23.88-.37 1.31a.61.61 0 0 0 -.05.12c-.58 1-1.79 2.14-4.36 1.61l-.62-8.24 4.08-.55v-.82l-4.23-.57-.1-1.33h.09v-1.85h-.21v-.08h-1.5v.08h-.23v1.85h.09l-.1 1.33-4.26.57v.82l4.08.55-.62 8.24c-2.57.53-3.78-.57-4.36-1.61a.61.61 0 0 0 0-.12c-.14-.43-.27-.87-.37-1.31a.21.21 0 0 1 .24-.07l.19.07c.18.06.36-.11.27-.27a30.28 30.28 0 0 1 -1.3-3.58 6.9 6.9 0 0 0 -2.1 3.4.22.22 0 0 0 .27.23l.47-.12a.23.23 0 0 1 .28.2 6.32 6.32 0 0 0 4.17 6.28c4 1.37 4.09 2.57 4.09 2.66 0-.08.09-1.24 4.09-2.66a6.37 6.37 0 0 0 4.17-6.28.23.23 0 0 1 .28-.2l.47.12a.22.22 0 0 0 .15-.23z" />
      <circle cx="108.19" cy="2.93" fill="none" r="1.69" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width=".999014" />
      <path d="m139.34 7.85c.75-1.09 1.16-2.73.18-5.12a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 -1.15 2.7 9 9 0 0 0 -1.54-2.06 7.05 7.05 0 0 0 -9.61 0 8.47 8.47 0 0 0 -1.54 2.06 7.76 7.76 0 0 1 -1.16-2.7c-1 2.39-.56 4 .18 5.12 0 .18-3.92 10.23.36 11.83.9.34 4.67 1.06 7 3.78 2.28-2.72 6.06-3.44 7-3.78 4.16-1.6.37-11.53.28-11.83zm-8.64 5.15-1.8.26a1.57 1.57 0 0 1 -1.65-1.46v-.3l1.75-.3a1.57 1.57 0 0 1 1.66 1.46zm2.67-.29a1.57 1.57 0 0 1 1.63-1.51l1.8.25v.3a1.58 1.58 0 0 1 -1.66 1.46l-1.8-.26zm-1.78-3.88a5 5 0 0 0 -4.07-2.28 2.09 2.09 0 0 1 -1.38-.56 7.74 7.74 0 0 1 1.49-2 6.7 6.7 0 0 1 8.78 0 7.52 7.52 0 0 1 1.49 2 2.09 2.09 0 0 1 -1.38.56 5 5 0 0 0 -4.08 2.28.5.5 0 0 1 -.85-.05z" />
      <g fill="none">
        <path d="m120 0h24v24h-24z" />
        <path d="m96 0h24v24h-24z" />
        <path d="m72 0h24v24h-24z" />
        <path d="m48 0h24v24h-24z" />
        <path d="m24 0h24v24h-24z" />
        <path d="m0 0h24v24h-24z" />
      </g>
    </svg>
    <span id="cat_rand_label">Royalty</span>
  </button>
  <div id="category_info">Descripton of Category</div>
</div>

标签： javascriptrandom

解决方案

您不必担心do-while conditions或breaks。您可以通过一个简单的while循环继续生成随机数，并将生成的数字与 oldRand 进行比较，如果它们不同则返回 newRand。

function getNewRand(oldRand, max) {
  while (true) {
    newRand = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max + 1));
    if (oldRand !== newRand) {
      return newRand;
    }
  }
}

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