python - Python 编码最佳实践

Question

处理构造函数中的所有参数是个好主意吗？而不是在实际需要参数的特定方法中处理它们？

方法一：

   def __init__(self,name,rollno,dob,city,state,zip):
        self.name=name
        ..
        ..
        self.zip = zip
   def address(self):
        return self.city+self.state+self.zip
   def unique_identifier(self):
        return self.name+self.rollno

---

测试.py

example = Example("Programming","941","1997-09-07","Nashville","TN","37311")

print(example.address())
print(example.unique_identifier())

---

方法二：

Class Example: 

   def address(self,city,state,zip):
        return self.city+self.state+self.zip
   def unique_identifier(self,name,rollno):
        return self.name+self.rollno

---

测试.py

example = Example()

print(example.address("ab","cd","111")
print(example.unique_identifier("Programmer","123")

任何有助于理解哪种方法更适合最佳实践的解释/推理。

标签： pythonoop

Answer 1

两者都可以，它只取决于数据是否属于对象（方法 1）或数据是否来自对象外部（方法 2）。它也可以是两者的混合。一个简短的例子：

class Person:
   # store data specific to the instance
   def __init__(self, name, birthdate, hometown):
      self.name = name
      self.birthdate = birthdate
      self.hometown = hometown
   
   # here I only need data from the instance
   def introduce(self):
      print("Hello, I am", self.name,
            ", I come from", self.hometown,
            " and was born on ", self.birthdate,
            ".")

   # food shouldn't be part of the Person,
   # so it is passed in as an argument
   def order_food(self, food):
      print("I am ", self.name,
            " and would like some ", food, " please.")