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python - 为什么导入一个文件的函数时需要引入参数

问题描述

我有一个带有函数的程序（file1.py），我想从文件 test1.py 中测试这些函数。当我导入第一个函数时，我不知道为什么终端告诉我需要引入运行 file1.py 时所需的参数。我无法理解为什么会发生这种情况，因为据我从 test1.py 中知道，我正在使用第一个函数而不是完整的 file1.py。

file1.py（直到第一个函数）

import os
import argparse
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# Enter the path/file names

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--vcf1', type=str, required=True)
parser.add_argument('--vcf2', type=str, required=True)
args = parser.parse_args()
NAME_FILE_1 = args.vcf1
NAME_FILE_2 = args.vcf2


def load_sample (Name_file):
    '''
    Take the header of the body of the CSV file
    '''
    with open(Name_file, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            if line.startswith('#') and len(line)>2 and line[1] != '#':
                columns = line[1:-1].split('\t')
                data = pd.read_csv(Name_file, comment='#', delimiter='\t', names=columns)
                break
    return data

# The data of the VCF is here
dataA = load_sample (NAME_FILE_1)
dataB = load_sample (NAME_FILE_2)

还有我的 test1.py

import os

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

from VCF_matcher.app.run import load_sample


NAME_FILE_1 = "./test_sample.vcf"

# FIRST TEST

def test_load_sample():
    '''Verify all rows of the body of the vcf file is taken'''
    data_to_test = load_sample (NAME_FILE_1)
    assert len(data_to_test) == 10425

输出：

======================================================== ERRORS ========================================================
_________________________________________ ERROR collecting test_vcf_matcher.py _________________________________________
test_vcf_matcher.py:13: in <module>
    from VCF_matcher.app.run import load_sample
../app/run.py:26: in <module>
    args = parser.parse_args()
../../../opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/argparse.py:1768: in parse_args
    args, argv = self.parse_known_args(args, namespace)
../../../opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/argparse.py:1800: in parse_known_args
    namespace, args = self._parse_known_args(args, namespace)
../../../opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/argparse.py:2034: in _parse_known_args
    self.error(_('the following arguments are required: %s') %
../../../opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/argparse.py:2521: in error
    self.exit(2, _('%(prog)s: error: %(message)s\n') % args)
../../../opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/argparse.py:2508: in exit
    _sys.exit(status)
E   SystemExit: 2
--------------------------------------------------- Captured stderr ----------------------------------------------------
usage: pytest [-h] --vcf1 VCF1 --vcf2 VCF2
pytest: error: the following arguments are required: --vcf1, --vcf2
=============================================== short test summary info ================================================
ERROR test_vcf_matcher.py - SystemExit: 2
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

标签： pythonpytest

解决方案

file1.py如果您不想每次从其他 Python 文件导入此文件时都运行“main”部分，则必须按如下结构：

import os
import argparse
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np


def load_sample (Name_file):
    '''
    Take the header of the body of the CSV file
    '''
    with open(Name_file, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            if line.startswith('#') and len(line)>2 and line[1] != '#':
                columns = line[1:-1].split('\t')
                data = pd.read_csv(Name_file, comment='#', delimiter='\t', names=columns)
                break
    return data


if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('--vcf1', type=str, required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--vcf2', type=str, required=True)
    args = parser.parse_args()
    NAME_FILE_1 = args.vcf1
    NAME_FILE_2 = args.vcf2
    
    dataA = load_sample(NAME_FILE_1)
    dataB = load_sample(NAME_FILE_2)

如需更好的解释，请参阅。

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