spring-mvc - Spring 5 MVC Test with MockMvc, test-context.xml, and annotation-based WebAppConfig (ie, in Java)
问题描述
版本(不涉及 SpringBoot):
Spring: 5.2.16
web-app / servlet API: 4.0
JUnit: 5.8
Spring MVC 测试不适用于返回的控制器端点ResponseEntity<ReturnStatus>
,其中ReturnStatus
是具有适当 getter/setter 的 POJO。触发的异常表明 JSON 转换不适用于ReturnStatus
. 我的研究表明未加载 WebApplicationContext 的基于注释的 Java 配置(因此无法识别 Jackson JSON 转换器)。奇怪的是,在 Tomcat 的非测试部署中,控制器端点工作正常,可能是因为web.xml
Tomcat 解析了 war 文件中的 。
问题:
如何调整此应用程序的 Spring MVC 测试设置,以便正确加载 WebApplicationContext 的基于注释的 Java 配置?例如,这可以在端点测试逻辑(即 JUnit 测试)中显式完成吗?
例外:
14:33:57,765 WARN DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver:199 - Resolved [org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException: No converter for [class com.acme.myapp.io.ReturnStatus] with preset Content-Type 'null']
14:33:57,765 DEBUG TestDispatcherServlet:1131 - Completed 500 INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
Spring MVC 应用程序包含以下配置:
test-context.xml
,其中包含用于访问数据存储的 Spring bean 配置:web.xml
,它声明并映射了DispatcherServlet
WebApplicationContext 的相关设置。- .java 实现中基于注解的配置
WebMvcConfigurer
。
相关摘录test-context.xml
:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.acme.myapp"/>
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.acme.myapp.repos"/>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/application.properties" />
<!-- Data persistence configuration -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="showSql" value="${db.showSql}" />
<property name="databasePlatform" value="${db.dialect}" />
<property name="generateDdl" value="${db.generateDdl}" />
</bean>
</property>
<property name="packagesToScan">
<list>
<value>com.acme.myapp.dao</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${db.driver}" />
<property name="url" value="${db.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${db.user}" />
<property name="password" value="${db.pass}" />
<property name="initialSize" value="2" />
<property name="maxActive" value="5" />
<property name="accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed" value="true"/>
</bean>
<!-- Set JVM system properties here. We do this principally for hibernate logging. -->
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject">
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">
<property name="targetClass" value="java.lang.System" />
<property name="targetMethod" value="getProperties" />
</bean>
</property>
<property name="targetMethod" value="putAll" />
<property name="arguments">
<util:properties>
<prop key="org.jboss.logging.provider">slf4j</prop>
</util:properties>
</property>
</bean>
相关摘录web.xml
(application-context.xml
我们的生产版本在哪里test-context.xml
):
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:application-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>central-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>com.acme.myapp.MyAppWebAppConfig</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>central-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/api/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
摘自 Java 实现WebMvcConfigurer
(即,我们合并了 Jackson JSON 转换器):
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = { "com.acme.myapp.controllers" })
public class MyAppWebAppConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAppWebAppConfig.class);
@Override
public void extendMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters)
{
logger.debug("extendMessageConverters ...");
converters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter());
converters.add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(new MyAppObjectMapper()));
}
}
控制器端点如下所示(根位于/patients
):
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
public ResponseEntity<ReturnStatus> readPatient(
@PathVariable("id") long id
)
{
ReturnStatus returnStatus = new ReturnStatus();
returnStatus.setVersionId("1.0");
...
return new ResponseEntity<ReturnStatus>(returnStatus, httpStatus);
}
使用 JUnit5 和 MockMvc,端点测试看起来像这样:
@SpringJUnitWebConfig(locations={"classpath:test-context.xml"})
public class PatientControllerTest
{
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@BeforeEach
public void setup(WebApplicationContext wac) {
this.mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
}
@Test
@DisplayName("Read Patient from /patients API.")
public void testReadPatient()
{
try {
mockMvc.perform(get("/patients/1").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE))
.andDo(print())
.andExpect(status().isOk());
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
谢谢!
解决方案
以下是一些选项,可能并不详尽:
- 根据前面的评论,我们可以简单地
<mvc:annotation-driven>
在test-context.xml
. 例如:
<bean id="myappObjectMapper" class="com.acme.myapp.MyAppObjectMapper"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg ref="myappObjectMapper"/>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
实际上,该指令消除了对 loading 的需要MyAppWebAppConfig
,<mvc:annotation-driven>
事实上它是@EnableWebMvc
Java 中注解的 XML 等价物。
- 实现
WebApplicationInitializer
以便在 Java 中有效地完成我们配置的web.xml
. 例如:
public class MyAppWebApplicationInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer
{
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext container)
{
XmlWebApplicationContext appCtx = new XmlWebApplicationContext();
appCtx.setConfigLocation("classpath:application-context.xml");
container.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(appCtx));
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext dispatcherCtx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
dispatcherCtx.register(MyAppWebAppConfig.class);
ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = container.addServlet("central-dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(dispatcherCtx));
registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
registration.addMapping("/api/*");
}
}
对于这个解决方案,我们web.xml
从项目中删除;可能我们也应该参数化对的引用application-context.xml
。
请注意,当我运行 JUnit5 测试时,Spring似乎没有instance MyAppWebApplicationInitializer
,相反,为 JUnit5 加载的 Spring 上下文是@SpringJUnitWebConfig
注释引用的上下文。因此,我建议将与测试相关的配置与test-context.xml
,并保留WebApplicationInitializer
用于生产。
我敢肯定还有其他选择,但我只探讨了这两种方法。
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