r - 在 R 中安装 keras：警告：pip 配置了需要 TLS/SSL 的位置，但是 Python 中的 ssl 模块不可用

Question

我是 keras 的新手，并试图使用本指南在运行 Windows 10 的计算机上在 R 中安装 keras 和 tensorflow，但标题中出现错误：

install_keras()

Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): ...working... done
Solving environment: ...working... done

All requested packages already installed.

WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/tensorflow/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/tensorflow/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/tensorflow/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/tensorflow/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/tensorflow/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/tensorflow/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/tensorflow/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement tensorflow==2.6.* (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for tensorflow==2.6.*
WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
Error: Error installing package(s): "\"tensorflow==2.6.*\"", "\"tensorflow-hub\"", "\"scipy\"", "\"requests\"", "\"Pillow\"", "\"h5py\"", "\"pandas\""

由于这个问题，我尝试安装 OpenSSL，还尝试按照此处所述复制 dll ，但没有任何效果。

有什么建议么？

标签： rtensorflowsslkeras

Answer 1

所以，我自己找到了解决方案。我做了：

library(reticulate)
install_miniconda(force = TRUE)

在 Windows 的命令提示符下，我做了：

conda activate r-reticulate
install keras

...一切正常！

即使我没有激活 r-reticulate 环境，现在似乎也可以工作。