python - 在 Raspberry Pi 上安装密码学时出现问题
问题描述
我正在尝试在 Raspberry Pi 上的 Docker 容器中安装加密包。它以前工作过，但由于某种原因，当我不得不重建我的容器时，它停止工作了。
跑步时
RUN pip install cryptography
这是我收到的错误消息：
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmpnvp_3buk
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-h70clj5g/cryptography_5f6f98a08a774493a9829b0d6e8c5a6a
Complete output (208 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography
copying src/cryptography/__about__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography
copying src/cryptography/fernet.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography
copying src/cryptography/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography
copying src/cryptography/utils.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography
copying src/cryptography/exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
copying src/cryptography/x509/general_name.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
copying src/cryptography/x509/ocsp.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
copying src/cryptography/x509/oid.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
copying src/cryptography/x509/certificate_transparency.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
copying src/cryptography/x509/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
copying src/cryptography/x509/base.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
copying src/cryptography/x509/extensions.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
copying src/cryptography/x509/name.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/x509
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/_oid.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/interfaces.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hashes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/keywrap.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_cipheralgorithm.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_asymmetric.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/constant_time.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/poly1305.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/cmac.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_serialization.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hmac.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/rsa.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/x25519.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backeFailed to build cryptography
nds/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/ed448.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/encode_asn1.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/hashes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/ed25519.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/decode_asn1.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/aead.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/dh.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/poly1305.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/backend.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/cmac.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/ec.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/hmac.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/dsa.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/utils.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/ciphers.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/x509.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl/x448.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/backends/openssl
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/_conditional.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/rsa.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x25519.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed448.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed25519.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dh.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/types.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/padding.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ec.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dsa.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/utils.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x448.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/modes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/aead.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/algorithms.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers/base.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/ciphers
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/totp.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/hotp.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/twofactor
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/hkdf.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/concatkdf.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/kbkdf.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/pbkdf2.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/scrypt.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf/x963kdf.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/kdf
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/ssh.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/pkcs7.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/pkcs12.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/base.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization
running egg_info
writing src/cryptography.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src/cryptography.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing requirements to src/cryptography.egg-info/requires.txt
writing top-level names to src/cryptography.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'vectors'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'vectors'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory '.github'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'release.py'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'codecov.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'dev-requirements.txt'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'tox.ini'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'mypy.ini'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory '.zuul.d'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory '.zuul.playbooks'
adding license file 'LICENSE'
adding license file 'LICENSE.APACHE'
adding license file 'LICENSE.BSD'
adding license file 'LICENSE.PSF'
writing manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying src/cryptography/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/asn1.pyi -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/ocsp.pyi -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust
copying src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust/x509.pyi -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.9/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust
running build_ext
generating cffi module 'build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.9/_openssl.c'
creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.9
running build_rust
Updating crates.io index
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
If you are seeing a compilation error please try the following steps to
successfully install cryptography:
1) Upgrade to the latest pip and try again. This will fix errors for most
users. See: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip
2) Read https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation/ for specific
instructions for your platform.
3) Check our frequently asked questions for more information:
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq/
4) Ensure you have a recent Rust toolchain installed:
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation/#rust
Python: 3.9.7
platform: Linux-5.10.63-v7+-armv7l-with-glibc2.28
pip: n/a
setuptools: 58.3.0
setuptools_rust: 0.12.1
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 363, in <module>
main()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 345, in main
json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 261, in build_wheel
return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 221, in build_wheel
return self._build_with_temp_dir(['bdist_wheel'], '.whl',
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 207, in _build_with_temp_dir
self.run_setup()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 150, in run_setup
exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())
File "setup.py", line 39, in <module>
setup(
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 159, in setup
return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/wheel/bdist_wheel.py", line 299, in run
self.run_command('build')
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/cffi/setuptools_ext.py", line 144, in run
base_class.run(self)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools_rust/setuptools_ext.py", line 103, in run
build_rust.run()
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools_rust/command.py", line 52, in run
self.run_for_extension(ext)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools_rust/build.py", line 92, in run_for_extension
dylib_paths = self.build_extension(ext)
File "/tmp/pip-build-env-eus_qh_e/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools_rust/build.py", line 131, in build_extension
metadata = json.loads(check_output(metadata_command))
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/subprocess.py", line 424, in check_output
return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/subprocess.py", line 528, in run
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['cargo', 'metadata', '--manifest-path', 'src/rust/Cargo.toml', '--format-version', '1']' died with <Signals.SIGSEGV: 11>.
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cryptography
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cryptography, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install cryptography' returned a non-zero code: 1
正如消息中所建议的，我已经尝试过更新 pip，但没有任何成功。不确定是否重要，但基本图像是python:3.9-slim-buster
编辑：
这是 Dockerfile，直到我尝试安装加密包：
ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.9-slim-buster
# define an alias for the specfic python version used in this file.
FROM python:${PYTHON_VERSION} as python
# Python build stage
FROM python as python-build-stage
ARG BUILD_ENVIRONMENT=production
# Install apt packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
# dependencies for building Python packages
build-essential \
libpq-dev\
libssl-dev \
libffi-dev \
libatlas-base-dev \
cargo \
rustc \
gcc \
libssl-dev \
python3-dev \
libjpeg62 \
musl-dev \
zlib1g-dev\
libjpeg-dev \
openssl
COPY ./requirements .
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install cryptography
编辑2：这个问题的解决方法确实解决了我的问题。将密码学版本固定在某事上似乎不是很有未来的证据。< 3.5
需要明确的是，这有效：
ENV CRYPTOGRAPHY_DONT_BUILD_RUST=1
RUN pip install cryptography==3.4.6
解决方案
这似乎是 Debian 和 cargo（锈包安装程序）的问题，与 Python 无关。这是一个简化的 Dockerfile 演示了该问题（在 armhf 容器中运行时）：
FROM debian:buster
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y ca-certificates cargo rustc
RUN USER=root cargo new --lib t
# works
RUN cargo metadata --manifest-path t/Cargo.toml
RUN echo 'libc = "*"' >> t/Cargo.toml
# segfaults
RUN cargo metadata --manifest-path t/Cargo.toml
这应该报告给debbugs，但老实说，我无法解开正确的报告链，所以祝任何尝试它的人好运。
更新：这也发生在 x86_64 上，因此它可能会影响所有架构。
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