导出Excel最普遍的方式有两种，一种是使用Office Com组件，另一种是使用NPOI。
个人感觉Office Com组件功能更强大，操作Excel和设置样式等都非常方便，但它要求服务器上必须安装Office，而且受Office版本的影响。NPOI允许服务器上不安装Office，但是设置Office样式等，比Office Com组件要麻烦的多。具体使用那种要根据实际的项目来决定。本文简单列举Office Com组件一个应用小实例，NPOI的方式将在下一篇讲到。
1.添加对Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll的引用，并引入命名空间：
using Microsoft.Office.Interop;
2.创建一个DataTable并填充数据（供导出Excel使用）
1 DataTable dt = new DataTable(); 2 dt.Columns.Add("name", System.Type.GetType("System.String")); 3 dt.Columns.Add("age", System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")); 4 DataRow newRow; 5 newRow= dt.NewRow(); 6 newRow["name"] = "zhangsan"; 7 newRow["age"] = 30; 8 dt.Rows.Add(newRow); 9 10 newRow = dt.NewRow(); 11 newRow["name"] = "lisi"; 12 newRow["age"] = 20; 13 dt.Rows.Add(newRow);
3.使用Office Com组件导出Excel
1 #region Microsoft.Office.Interop方式 2 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); 3 if (app == null)//服务器上缺少Excel组件，需要安装Office软件 4 { 5 Response.Write("<script languge='javascript'>alert('服务器上未安装office');</script>"); 6 return; 7 } 8 app.Visible = false; 9 app.UserControl = true; 10 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = app.Workbooks; 11 string path = Server.MapPath("~/Template.xlsx"); 12 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(path); //加载模板 13 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Sheets sheets = workbook.Sheets; 14 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1); //第一个工作薄。 15 if (worksheet == null)//工作薄中没有工作表 16 { 17 Response.Write("<script languge='javascript'>alert('第一个工作薄');</script>"); 18 return; 19 } 20 21 for (int i =0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) 22 { 23 int _row = i + 1; 24 worksheet.Cells[_row, 1] = dt.Rows[i]["name"].ToString().Trim(); 25 worksheet.Cells[_row, 2] = dt.Rows[i]["age"].ToString().Trim(); 26 } 27 worksheet.Columns.AutoFit(); //保存之前自动调整列宽 28 try 29 { 30 workbook.SaveAs(Server.MapPath("~/测试.xlsx"), Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value); 31 Response.Write("<script languge='javascript'>alert('保存成功');</script>"); 32 } 33 catch (Exception) 34 { 35 Response.Write("<script languge='javascript'>alert('运行错误');</script>"); 36 } 37 //按顺序释放资源 38 NAR(worksheet); 39 NAR(sheets); 40 NAR(workbook); 41 NAR(workbooks); 42 app.Quit(); 43 NAR(app); 44 #endregion 45 public static void NAR(object o)//释放资源的函数 46 { 47 try 48 { 49 System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(o); 50 } 51 catch (Exception ex) 52 { 53 } 54 finally 55 { 56 o = null; 57 } 58 }
从而实现遍历DataTable并导出Excel的目的
全部代码：
1 using Microsoft.Office.Interop; 2 using System; 3 using System.Collections.Generic; 4 using System.Data; 5 using System.Linq; 6 using System.Reflection; 7 using System.Web; 8 using System.Web.UI; 9 using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 10 11 namespace OfficeToExcel 12 { 13 public partial class ToExcel : System.Web.UI.Page 14 { 15 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 16 { 17 DataTable dt = new DataTable(); 18 dt.Columns.Add("name", System.Type.GetType("System.String")); 19 dt.Columns.Add("age", System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")); 20 DataRow newRow; 21 newRow= dt.NewRow(); 22 newRow["name"] = "zhangsan"; 23 newRow["age"] = 30; 24 dt.Rows.Add(newRow); 25 26 newRow = dt.NewRow(); 27 newRow["name"] = "lisi"; 28 newRow["age"] = 20; 29 dt.Rows.Add(newRow); 30 31 #region Microsoft.Office.Interop方式 32 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); 33 if (app == null)//服务器上缺少Excel组件，需要安装Office软件 34 { 35 Response.Write("<script languge='javascript'>alert('服务器上未安装office');</script>"); 36 return; 37 } 38 app.Visible = false; 39 app.UserControl = true; 40 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = app.Workbooks; 41 string path = Server.MapPath("~/Template.xlsx"); 42 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(path); //加载模板 43 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Sheets sheets = workbook.Sheets; 44 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1); //第一个工作薄。 45 if (worksheet == null)//工作薄中没有工作表 46 { 47 Response.Write("<script languge='javascript'>alert('第一个工作薄');</script>"); 48 return; 49 } 50 51 for (int i =0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) 52 { 53 int _row = i + 1; 54 worksheet.Cells[_row, 1] = dt.Rows[i]["name"].ToString().Trim(); 55 worksheet.Cells[_row, 2] = dt.Rows[i]["age"].ToString().Trim(); 56 } 57 worksheet.Columns.AutoFit(); //保存之前自动调整列宽 58 try 59 { 60 workbook.SaveAs(Server.MapPath("~/测试.xlsx"), Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value); 61 Response.Write("<script languge='javascript'>alert('保存成功');</script>"); 62 } 63 catch (Exception) 64 { 65 Response.Write("<script languge='javascript'>alert('运行错误');</script>"); 66 } 67 //按顺序释放资源 68 NAR(worksheet); 69 NAR(sheets); 70 NAR(workbook); 71 NAR(workbooks); 72 app.Quit(); 73 NAR(app); 74 #endregion 75 } 76 public static void NAR(object o)//释放资源的函数 77 { 78 try 79 { 80 System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(o); 81 } 82 catch (Exception ex) 83 { 84 } 85 finally 86 { 87 o = null; 88 } 89 } 90 } 91 }