一直想了解一下git，正好最近的有一个问题就是，实验室写的代码，怎么同步到自己宿舍的笔记本上面来。最开始想用dropbox，但是用VS的人都知道，工程文件里面会给你生成乱七八糟的很多东西，很占空间，dropbox好像没有选择同步某个文件的功能，只能同步某个文件夹。以前看过git，但是好久没用，隔了一俩个月就忘了。这里把常用的概念、命令做个笔记。
资料大部分来源于这里
1.文件的三种状态：已提交（committed），已修改（modified）和已暂存（staged）。已提交表示该文件已经被安全地保存在本地数据库中了；已修改表示修改了某个文件，但还没有提交保存；已暂存表示把已修改的文件放在下次提交时要保存的清单中。
2. git config --global user.name
git config --global user.email --//设置账号
git config --list --//查看配置列表
git clone [url] --//获取仓库
git status --//检查当前文件文件状态
git add --//1)添加某个文件 2）将文件从已修改的状态变到已暂存的状态
--//在整个工程文件夹下，git init 了之后，设置好.gitignore规则之后输入命令 git add . 就可以添加所有的工程文件。
git commit -m "init first project" --//这个是提交，从已暂存的状态转变到已提交的状态 -m 参数 后面跟此次提交的说明
git commit -a --//此命令跳过git add过程，即跳过已暂存的状态 直接从已修改--》已提交
git remote -v --//显示远程仓库的名字和位置
git remote add [shortname] [url] --//添加远程仓库
git remote rename a b --//将仓库名字a改为b
git push -u origin master --//将本地的分支push到远程仓库里面
git rm [filename] --//删除文件
3. .gitignore 在这个文件里面，git会根据文件里面的规则忽略指定文件。下面是一个从网上淘来的VS工程的模版
1 ## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and 2 ## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons. 3 4 # User-specific files 5 *.suo 6 *.user 7 *.sln.docstates 8 9 # Build results 10 [Dd]ebug/ 11 [Dd]ebugPublic/ 12 [Rr]elease/ 13 x64/ 14 build/ 15 bld/ 16 [Bb]in/ 17 [Oo]bj/ 18 19 # Enable "build/" folder in the NuGet Packages folder since NuGet packages use it for MSBuild targets 20 !packages/*/build/ 21 22 # MSTest test Results 23 [Tt]est[Rr]esult*/ 24 [Bb]uild[Ll]og.* 25 26 #NUNIT 27 *.VisualState.xml 28 TestResult.xml 29 30 *_i.c 31 *_p.c 32 *_i.h 33 *.ilk 34 *.meta 35 *.obj 36 *.pch 37 *.pdb 38 *.pgc 39 *.pgd 40 *.rsp 41 *.sbr 42 *.tlb 43 *.tli 44 *.tlh 45 *.tmp 46 *.tmp_proj 47 *.log 48 *.vspscc 49 *.vssscc 50 .builds 51 *.pidb 52 *.svclog 53 *.scc 54 55 # Chutzpah Test files 56 _Chutzpah* 57 58 # Visual C++ cache files 59 ipch/ 60 *.aps 61 *.ncb 62 *.opensdf 63 *.sdf 64 *.cachefile 65 66 # Visual Studio profiler 67 *.psess 68 *.vsp 69 *.vspx 70 71 # TFS 2012 Local Workspace 72 $tf/ 73 74 # Guidance Automation Toolkit 75 *.gpState 76 77 # ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in 78 _ReSharper*/ 79 *.[Rr]e[Ss]harper 80 *.DotSettings.user 81 82 # JustCode is a .NET coding addin-in 83 .JustCode 84 85 # TeamCity is a build add-in 86 _TeamCity* 87 88 # DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool 89 *.dotCover 90 91 # NCrunch 92 *.ncrunch* 93 _NCrunch_* 94 .*crunch*.local.xml 95 96 # MightyMoose 97 *.mm.* 98 AutoTest.Net/ 99 100 # Installshield output folder 101 [Ee]xpress/ 102 103 # DocProject is a documentation generator add-in 104 DocProject/buildhelp/ 105 DocProject/Help/*.HxT 106 DocProject/Help/*.HxC 107 DocProject/Help/*.hhc 108 DocProject/Help/*.hhk 109 DocProject/Help/*.hhp 110 DocProject/Help/Html2 111 DocProject/Help/html 112 113 # Click-Once directory 114 publish/ 115 116 # Publish Web Output 117 *.Publish.xml 118 *.azurePubxml 119 120 # NuGet Packages Directory 121 ## TODO: If you have NuGet Package Restore enabled, uncomment the next line 122 #packages/ 123 ## TODO: If the tool you use requires repositories.config, also uncomment the next line 124 #!packages/repositories.config 125 126 # Windows Azure Build Output 127 csx/ 128 *.build.csdef 129 130 # Windows Store app package directory 131 AppPackages/ 132 133 # Others 134 sql/ 135 *.Cache 136 ClientBin/ 137 [Ss]tyle[Cc]op.* 138 ~$* 139 *~ 140 *.dbmdl 141 *.dbproj.schemaview 142 *.[Pp]ublish.xml 143 *.pfx 144 *.publishsettings 145 146 # RIA/Silverlight projects 147 Generated_Code/ 148 149 # Backup & report files from converting an old project file to a newer 150 # Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed, because we have git ;-) 151 _UpgradeReport_Files/ 152 Backup*/ 153 UpgradeLog*.XML 154 UpgradeLog*.htm 155 156 # SQL Server files 157 App_Data/*.mdf 158 App_Data/*.ldf 159 160 # Business Intelligence projects 161 *.rdl.data 162 *.bim.layout 163 *.bim_*.settings 164 165 # Microsoft Fakes 166 FakesAssemblies/ 167 168 # ========================= 169 # Windows detritus 170 # ========================= 171 172 # Windows image file caches 173 Thumbs.db 174 ehthumbs.db 175 176 # Folder config file 177 Desktop.ini 178 179 # Recycle Bin used on file shares 180 $RECYCLE.BIN/