在服务器上搭建了一个小应用，为保证数据安全，每天晚上做一次备份，备份文件为.bak后缀。目前备份文件经过压缩后，大小约20M，可以通过网易的邮箱发送。
要点：
- 使用7z压缩数据文件
Python调用7z压缩文件的方法是调用 os.command()函数，但事先要将 7z.exe的路径加入环境变量。（这里用的windows系统测试）
7z的压缩命令：
7z a filename.7z file_to_be_compressed
- 网易邮箱登陆，通过Python登陆邮箱发送邮件，需要开通邮箱的POP3服务。现在申请的163邮箱，开通POP3服务时，需要开通授权码。Python程序中使用授权码登陆邮箱。以前申请的163邮箱如果开通了POP3服务则可使用密码登陆。
代码如下：
# coding:utf-8
'''
backup files automation
put the .bak files in 'backup' folder
the python script will compress them and send by email
running condition :
1. Python
2. 7-zip and set the 7z environment path
'''
import smtplib
import os, glob
import datetime
from time import sleep
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
def _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))
def send_email(attach_file):
# 输入Email地址和口令:
# 1442464708 Sendemailbypython
from_addr = 's******n@163.com'
# 授权码
password = 'V*************'
# 输入收件人地址:
to_addr = 'wujbclzw@163.com'
# 输入SMTP服务器地址:
smtp_server = 'smtp.163.com'
# msg = "test for send email"
date_str = datetime.date.today().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
email_title = "%s数据库备份" % date_str
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = _format_addr('文件备份 <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('数据库备份 <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header(email_title, 'utf-8').encode()
# 邮件正文是MIMEText:
msg.attach(MIMEText('数据库备份文件', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个图片:
with open(attach_file, 'rb') as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
file_name = os.path.basename(attach_file)
mime = MIMEBase('Compact File', 'rar', filename=file_name)
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=file_name)
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
msg.attach(mime)
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25) # SMTP协议默认端口是25
# server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password) # 使用授权码登陆，不是邮箱的密码
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
def Compact_file():
'''
压缩并发送邮件
:return:
'''
direct_dir = "backup\\"
fs = glob.glob(direct_dir + "*.BAK")
for fItem in fs:
fbase = os.path.basename(fItem)
file_7z = "%s%s.7z" % (direct_dir, fbase)
# if .7z file is exist, remove it
if os.path.exists(file_7z):
os.remove(file_7z)
# Compress source file
cmd = "7z a %s %s" % (file_7z, fItem)
os.system(cmd)
# send by email
send_email(attach_file=file_7z)
# remove source file
if os.path.exists(file_7z):
os.remove(file_7z)
if os.path.exists(fItem):
os.remove(fItem)
print('Compress %s and send by email.' % fItem)
if __name__ == "__main__":
while True:
# run send mail at 02:00:00 ereryday
nt = datetime.datetime.now()
if nt.hour >= 1:
next_day = nt + datetime.timedelta(1)
else:
next_day = nt
run_time = datetime.datetime(next_day.year, next_day.month, next_day.day, 2, 0, 0)
delays = (run_time - nt).seconds
print("now time : %s" % nt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
# print(run_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
print("wait for %s senconds." % delays)
# sleep(10)
sleep(delays)
nt = datetime.datetime.now()
print("now time : %s" % nt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
print("Srart to compress file and send mail.")
Compact_file()
参考资料:
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/d8072ac498792dec95cefd81.html
https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000/001432005226355aadb8d4b2f3f42f6b1d6f2c5bd8d5263000