首页 > 技术文章 > java面试-公平锁/非公平锁/可重入锁/递归锁/自旋锁谈谈你的理解

wjh123 2019-07-02 07:46 原文

一、公平锁/非公平锁/可重入锁/递归锁/自旋锁谈谈你的理解

公平锁:多个线程按照申请的顺序来获取锁。

非公平锁:多个线程获取锁的先后顺序与申请锁的顺序无关。【ReentrantLock 默认非公平、synchronized】

总结:非公平锁的吞吐量比公平锁大。

可重入锁(又名递归锁):线程可以进入任何一个它已经获取锁的同步代码块中。

可重入锁的最大作用:避免死锁

自旋转:是指尝试获取锁的线程不会立即阻塞,而是采用循环的方式去尝试获取锁。

好处:减少线程上下文切换的消耗,

缺点:循环会消耗CPU

 

二、请手写一个自旋锁

/**
 * Created by wujuhong on 2019/1/14.
 * 通过AtomicReference可实现简单的自旋
 */
public class SpinLock {

    //原子引用线程
    private AtomicReference<Thread> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();

    //让当前想要获取锁的线程做几个空循环
    public void mylock() {
        Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" come in");
        while (!atomicReference.compareAndSet(null, currentThread)) {

        }
    }


    public void myunlock() {
        Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
        atomicReference.compareAndSet(currentThread, null);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" invoked myunlock");

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpinLock spinLock = new SpinLock();
        new Thread(() -> {
            spinLock.mylock();

            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            spinLock.myunlock();
        },"AA").start();

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        new Thread(() -> {
            spinLock.mylock();
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            spinLock.myunlock();
        },"BB").start();

    }
}

  

三、ReentrantReadWriteLock读写锁

  • 允许多个线程同时读共享变量
  • 只允许一个线程写共享变量
  • 如果一个写线程正在执行写操作,此时禁止读线程读共享变量

说明:锁升级不允许,锁降级允许

public class ReadWriteLockDemo {

    //写操作:原子+独占,整个过程必须是一个完整的统一体,中间不许被分割,被打断。
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyCache myCache = new MyCache();
        for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
            final int tempInt = i;
            new Thread(() -> myCache.put(tempInt + "", tempInt), String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
            final int tempInt = i;
            new Thread(() -> myCache.get(tempInt + ""), String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }

}


class MyCache {
    private volatile Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwlock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void put(String key, Object value) {
        rwlock.writeLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 正在写入" + key);
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            map.put(key, value);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 写入完成");

        } finally {
            rwlock.writeLock().unlock();
        }


    }


    public void get(String key) {
        rwlock.readLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 正在读取");
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Object result = map.get(key);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 读取完成" + result);
        } finally {
            rwlock.readLock().unlock();
        }


    }
}

  

 

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