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python - matplotlib图背景取决于数据

问题描述

我正在尝试绘制一些数据并希望根据数据具有彩色背景。

在下面的示例中，我希望在左侧 y 轴上有 data1 和 data2，在右侧 y 轴上有 data3。这是有效的。但另外我尝试根据 data3 为背景着色。

我需要如何格式化数据才能使其正常工作？

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from datetime import datetime as dt
import matplotlib.dates as md

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(constrained_layout=True)

data1 = [51.2, 51.2, 51.2, 50.7, 50.7, 50.5, 50.4, 50.7, 50.6]
data2 = [46.5, 46.1, 46.2, 46.3, 46.4, 46.3, 46.2, 46.1, 45.5]
data3 = [ 0.0,  1.0,  1.0,  1.0,  0.0,  0.0,  0.0,  0.0,  0.0]

timestamps = [1524614516, 1524615134, 1524615587, 1524615910, 1524616235, 1524616559, 1524616866, 1524617189, 1524617511]
timestamps_ = [dt.utcfromtimestamp(x) for x in timestamps]

for data in (data1,data2):
    ax1.plot(timestamps_, data, marker='.', linestyle='-')
ax1.set_ylabel("degC")

ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax2.plot(timestamps_, data3, marker='x', linestyle='-')
ax2.pcolor(ax2.get_xlim(), ax2.get_ylim(), zip(timestamps_, data3), cmap='RdGn', alpha=0.3) 
ax2.set_ylabel("ON OFF")       

ax1.set_title("Mytitle")
for tick in ax1.xaxis.get_major_ticks():
    tick.label1.set_horizontalalignment('right')
    tick.label1.set_rotation(35)
xfmt = md.DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
ax1.xaxis.set_major_formatter(xfmt)

plt.show()

错误信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/tobias/workspace/python_pyplot_test/main.py", line 25, in <module>
    ax2.pcolor(ax2.get_xlim(), ax2.get_ylim(), zip(timestamps_, data3), cmap='RdGn', alpha=0.3) 
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py", line 1855, in inner
    return func(ax, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 5732, in pcolor
    X, Y, C = self._pcolorargs('pcolor', *args, allmatch=False)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 5576, in _pcolorargs
C.shape, Nx, Ny, funcname))
TypeError: Dimensions of C (9, 2) are incompatible with X (2) and/or Y (2); see help(pcolor)

标签： pythonmatplotlibbackground

解决方案

这是您想要的最小解决方案：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from datetime import datetime as dt
import matplotlib.dates as md
import numpy as np


data3 = np.array([ 0.0,  1.0,  1.0,  1.0,  0.0,  0.0,  0.0,  0.0,  0.0])

x=np.arange(9)
xp,yp=np.meshgrid(x,data3)
xp=xp.astype(float)-0.5
bgcolor=np.ones(xp.shape)*data3[None,:]

plt.pcolor(xp,yp,bgcolor) 
plt.plot(x, data3, marker='x', linestyle='-')

我取出了第二个轴和所有刻度线，因为它们与问题本身无关。

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