首页 > 解决方案 > 如何让一个 pod 与 Kubernetes 中的另一个 pod 联网?(简单的)

问题描述

一段时间以来,我一直在用头撞这堵墙。网络上有大量关于 Kubernetes 的信息,但所有这些都假设知识如此之多,以至于像我这样的 n00bs 并没有太多的事情要做。

那么,任何人都可以分享以下的简单示例(作为 yaml 文件)吗?我想要的只是

然后是一个从后往前调用api调用的例子。

我开始研究这类事情,突然间我点击了这个页面 - https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/#how-to-achieve-this。这是超级无益的。我不想要或不需要高级网络策略,也没有时间浏览映射在 kubernetes 之上的几个不同的服务层。我只想找出一个网络请求的简单示例。

希望如果这个例子存在于 stackoverflow 上,它也会为其他人服务。

任何帮助,将不胜感激。谢谢。

编辑; 看起来最简单的例子可能是使用 Ingress 控制器。

编辑编辑;

我正在努力尝试部署一个最小的示例 - 我将在这里完成一些步骤并指出我的问题。

所以下面是我的yaml文件:

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: frontend
  labels:
    app: frontend
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: frontend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: patientplatypus/frontend_example
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: frontend
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 3000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: backend
  labels:
    app: backend
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: backend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: backend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: patientplatypus/backend_example
        ports:
        - containerPort: 5000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: backend
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: backend
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 5000
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:      
  rules:
  - host: www.kubeplaytime.example
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: frontend
          servicePort: 80
      - path: /api
        backend:
          serviceName: backend
          servicePort: 80

我相信这是在做的是

当我运行它时会发生什么?

patientplatypus:~/Documents/kubePlay:09:17:50$kubectl create -f kube-deploy.yaml
deployment.apps "frontend" created
service "frontend" created
deployment.apps "backend" created
service "backend" created
ingress.extensions "frontend" created

然而

当我尝试使用入口控制器时遇到一个问题 - 它似乎已部署,但我不知道如何到达那里。

patientplatypus:~/Documents/kubePlay:09:24:44$kubectl get ingresses
NAME       HOSTS                      ADDRESS   PORTS     AGE
frontend   www.kubeplaytime.example             80        16m

看来,要路由到刚刚创建的入口扩展,我必须使用服务并在上进行部署以获取 IP 地址,但这很快就变得非常复杂。

例如,看看这篇中型文章:https ://medium.com/@cashisclay/kubernetes-ingress-82aa960f658e 。

似乎只为到 Ingress 的服务路由(即他称之为Ingress Controller)添加的必要代码似乎是这样的:

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: ingress-nginx
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    targetPort: http
  - name: https
    port: 443
    targetPort: https
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ingress-nginx
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
      - image: gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:0.8.3
        name: ingress-nginx
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
          - name: http
            containerPort: 80
            protocol: TCP
          - name: https
            containerPort: 443
            protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        env:
          - name: POD_NAME
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.name
          - name: POD_NAMESPACE
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        args:
        - /nginx-ingress-controller
        - --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-default-backend
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-default-backend
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: http
  selector:
    app: nginx-default-backend
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: nginx-default-backend
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-default-backend
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
      - name: default-http-backend
        image: gcr.io/google_containers/defaultbackend:1.0
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 20Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 20Mi
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 8080
          protocol: TCP

这似乎需要附加到我yaml上面的其他代码中,以便为我的入口路由获取服务入口点,并且它似乎确实提供了一个 ip:

patientplatypus:~/Documents/kubePlay:09:54:12$kubectl get --watch services
NAME                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
backend                 LoadBalancer   10.0.31.209   <pending>     80:32428/TCP                 4m
frontend                LoadBalancer   10.0.222.47   <pending>     80:32482/TCP                 4m
ingress-nginx           LoadBalancer   10.0.28.157   <pending>     80:30573/TCP,443:30802/TCP   4m
kubernetes              ClusterIP      10.0.0.1      <none>        443/TCP                      10d
nginx-default-backend   ClusterIP      10.0.71.121   <none>        80/TCP                       4m
frontend   LoadBalancer   10.0.222.47   40.121.7.66   80:32482/TCP   5m
ingress-nginx   LoadBalancer   10.0.28.157   40.121.6.179   80:30573/TCP,443:30802/TCP   6m
backend   LoadBalancer   10.0.31.209   40.117.248.73   80:32428/TCP   7m

所以ingress-nginx似乎是我想去的网站。导航到40.121.6.179返回默认的 404 消息 ( ) default backend - 404- 它不会去路由。返回相同。导航到我的主机命名空间会从浏览器返回 404 - 没有错误处理。frontend//apiwww.kubeplaytime.example

问题

完整的 YAML

可在此处获得:https ://gist.github.com/patientplatypus/fa07648339ee6538616cb69282a84938

谢谢您的帮助!

编辑 编辑 编辑

我尝试使用HELM。从表面上看,它似乎是一个简单的界面,因此我尝试将其旋转起来:

patientplatypus:~/Documents/kubePlay:12:13:00$helm install stable/nginx-ingress
NAME:   erstwhile-beetle
LAST DEPLOYED: Sun May  6 12:13:30 2018
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: DEPLOYED

RESOURCES:
==> v1/ConfigMap
NAME                                       DATA  AGE
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-controller  1     1s

==> v1/Service
NAME                                            TYPE          CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP  PORT(S)                     AGE
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-controller       LoadBalancer  10.0.216.38  <pending>    80:31494/TCP,443:32118/TCP  1s
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-default-backend  ClusterIP     10.0.55.224  <none>       80/TCP                      1s

==> v1beta1/Deployment
NAME                                            DESIRED  CURRENT  UP-TO-DATE  AVAILABLE  AGE
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-controller       1        1        1           0          1s
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-default-backend  1        1        1           0          1s

==> v1beta1/PodDisruptionBudget
NAME                                            MIN AVAILABLE  MAX UNAVAILABLE  ALLOWED DISRUPTIONS  AGE
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-controller       1              N/A              0                    1s
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-default-backend  1              N/A              0                    1s

==> v1/Pod(related)
NAME                                                             READY  STATUS             RESTARTS  AGE
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-controller-7df9b78b64-24hwz       0/1    ContainerCreating  0         1s
erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-default-backend-849b8df477-gzv8w  0/1    ContainerCreating  0         1s


NOTES:
The nginx-ingress controller has been installed.
It may take a few minutes for the LoadBalancer IP to be available.
You can watch the status by running 'kubectl --namespace default get services -o wide -w erstwhile-beetle-nginx-ingress-controller'

An example Ingress that makes use of the controller:

  apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
  kind: Ingress
  metadata:
    annotations:
      kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    name: example
    namespace: foo
  spec:
    rules:
      - host: www.example.com
        http:
          paths:
            - backend:
                serviceName: exampleService
                servicePort: 80
              path: /
    # This section is only required if TLS is to be enabled for the Ingress
    tls:
        - hosts:
            - www.example.com
          secretName: example-tls

If TLS is enabled for the Ingress, a Secret containing the certificate and key must also be provided:

  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Secret
  metadata:
    name: example-tls
    namespace: foo
  data:
    tls.crt: <base64 encoded cert>
    tls.key: <base64 encoded key>
  type: kubernetes.io/tls

看起来这真的很好——它把所有东西都旋转起来,并给出了一个如何添加入口的例子。由于我在空白中旋转了 helm,kubectl因此我使用以下yaml文件添加了我认为需要的内容。

文件:

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: frontend
  labels:
    app: frontend
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: frontend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: patientplatypus/frontend_example
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: frontend
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 3000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: backend
  labels:
    app: backend
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: backend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: backend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: patientplatypus/backend_example
        ports:
        - containerPort: 5000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: backend
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: backend
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 5000
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
spec:
  rules:
    - host: www.example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /api
            backend:
              serviceName: backend
              servicePort: 80
          - path: /
            frontend:
              serviceName: frontend
              servicePort: 80

但是,将其部署到集群会遇到此错误:

patientplatypus:~/Documents/kubePlay:11:44:20$kubectl create -f kube-deploy.yaml
deployment.apps "frontend" created
service "frontend" created
deployment.apps "backend" created
service "backend" created
error: error validating "kube-deploy.yaml": error validating data: [ValidationError(Ingress.spec.rules[0].http.paths[1]): unknown field "frontend" in io.k8s.api.extensions.v1beta1.HTTPIngressPath, ValidationError(Ingress.spec.rules[0].http.paths[1]): missing required field "backend" in io.k8s.api.extensions.v1beta1.HTTPIngressPath]; if you choose to ignore these errors, turn validation off with --validate=false

那么,问题就变成了,我该如何调试呢?如果你吐出 helm 生成的代码,它基本上是一个人无法阅读的——没有办法进入那里弄清楚发生了什么。

看看:https ://gist.github.com/patientplatypus/0e281bf61307f02e16e0091397a1d863 - 超过 1000 行!

如果有人有更好的调试 helm deploy 的方法,请将其添加到未决问题列表中。

编辑 编辑 编辑 编辑

为了简化极端,我尝试仅使用命名空间从一个 pod 调用另一个 pod。

所以这是我发出 http 请求的 React 代码:

axios.get('http://backend/test')
.then(response=>{
  console.log('return from backend and response: ', response);
})
.catch(error=>{
  console.log('return from backend and error: ', error);
})

我也尝试过使用http://backend.exampledeploy.svc.cluster.local/test没有运气。

这是我处理获取的节点代码:

router.get('/test', function(req, res, next) {
  res.json({"test":"test"})
});

这是我yaml上传到kubectl集群的文件:

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: frontend
  namespace: exampledeploy
  labels:
    app: frontend
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: frontend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: patientplatypus/frontend_example
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: frontend
  namespace: exampledeploy
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: frontend
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 3000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: backend
  namespace: exampledeploy
  labels:
    app: backend
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: backend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: backend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: patientplatypus/backend_example
        ports:
        - containerPort: 5000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: backend
  namespace: exampledeploy
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: backend
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 5000

正如我在终端中看到的那样,上传到集群似乎可以正常工作:

patientplatypus:~/Documents/kubePlay:14:33:20$kubectl get all --namespace=exampledeploy 
NAME                            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/backend-584c5c59bc-5wkb4    1/1       Running   0          15m
pod/backend-584c5c59bc-jsr4m    1/1       Running   0          15m
pod/backend-584c5c59bc-txgw5    1/1       Running   0          15m
pod/frontend-647c99cdcf-2mmvn   1/1       Running   0          15m
pod/frontend-647c99cdcf-79sq5   1/1       Running   0          15m
pod/frontend-647c99cdcf-r5bvg   1/1       Running   0          15m

NAME               TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)        AGE
service/backend    LoadBalancer   10.0.112.160   168.62.175.155   80:31498/TCP   15m
service/frontend   LoadBalancer   10.0.246.212   168.62.37.100    80:31139/TCP   15m

NAME                             DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.extensions/backend    3         3         3            3           15m
deployment.extensions/frontend   3         3         3            3           15m

NAME                                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
replicaset.extensions/backend-584c5c59bc    3         3         3         15m
replicaset.extensions/frontend-647c99cdcf   3         3         3         15m

NAME                       DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/backend    3         3         3            3           15m
deployment.apps/frontend   3         3         3            3           15m

NAME                                  DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
replicaset.apps/backend-584c5c59bc    3         3         3         15m
replicaset.apps/frontend-647c99cdcf   3         3         3         15m

但是,当我尝试发出请求时,出现以下错误:

return from backend and error:  
Error: Network Error
Stack trace:
createError@http://168.62.37.100/static/js/bundle.js:1555:15
handleError@http://168.62.37.100/static/js/bundle.js:1091:14
App.js:14

由于axios调用是从浏览器进行的,我想知道是否根本不可能使用此方法调用后端,即使后端和前端位于不同的 pod 中。我有点迷茫,因为我认为这是将 Pod 联网的最简单方法。

编辑 X5

我已经确定可以通过像这样执行到 pod 中来从命令行卷曲后端:

patientplatypus:~/Documents/kubePlay:15:25:25$kubectl exec -ti frontend-647c99cdcf-5mfz4 --namespace=exampledeploy -- curl -v http://backend/test
* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
*   Trying 10.0.249.147...
* Connected to backend (10.0.249.147) port 80 (#0)
> GET /test HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.38.0
> Host: backend
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< X-Powered-By: Express
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Content-Length: 15
< ETag: W/"f-SzkCEKs7NV6rxiz4/VbpzPnLKEM"
< Date: Sun, 06 May 2018 20:25:49 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< 
* Connection #0 to host backend left intact
{"test":"test"}

这意味着,毫无疑问,因为前端代码正在浏览器中执行,它需要 Ingress 才能进入 pod,因为来自前端的 http 请求是简单的 pod 网络所破坏的。我不确定这一点,但这意味着 Ingress 是必要的。

标签: networkingdeploymentkubernetescontainersweb-deployment

解决方案


首先,让我们澄清一些明显的误解。您提到您的前端是一个 React 应用程序,它可能会在用户浏览器中运行。为此,您的实际问题不是您的后端和前端 pod相互通信,而是浏览器需要能够连接到这两个 pod(连接到前端 pod 以便加载 React应用程序,以及 React 应用程序进行 API 调用的后端 pod)。

可视化:

                                                 +---------+
                                             +---| Browser |---+                                                 
                                             |   +---------+   |
                                             V                 V
+-----------+     +----------+         +-----------+     +----------+
| Front-end |---->| Back-end |         | Front-end |     | Back-end |
+-----------+     +----------+         +-----------+     +----------+
      (what you asked for)                     (what you need)

如前所述,最简单的解决方案是使用Ingress 控制器。我不会在这里详细介绍如何设置 Ingress 控制器;在某些云环境(如 GKE)中,您将能够使用云提供商提供给您的 Ingress 控制器。否则,您可以设置NGINX Ingress 控制器。查看 NGINX Ingress 控制器部署指南以获取更多信息。

定义服务

首先为您的前端和后端应用程序定义服务资源(这些资源也将允许您的 Pod 相互通信)。服务定义可能如下所示:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: backend
spec:
  selector:
    app: backend
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080

确保您的 Pod 具有可由服务资源选择的标签app=backend(在此示例中,我使用和app=frontend作为标签)。

如果您想建立 Pod 到 Pod 的通信,那么您现在就完成了。在每个 Pod 中,您现在可以使用backend.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local(或backend作为速记)和frontend主机名来连接到该 Pod。

定义入口

接下来,您可以定义 Ingress 资源;由于这两个服务都需要来自集群外部(用户浏览器)的连接,因此您需要为这两个服务定义入口。

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:      
  rules:
  - host: www.your-application.example
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: frontend
          servicePort: 80
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: backend
spec:      
  rules:
  - host: api.your-application.example
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: backend
          servicePort: 80

或者,您也可以使用单个 Ingress 资源聚合前端和后端(这里没有“正确”答案,只是一个偏好问题):

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:      
  rules:
  - host: www.your-application.example
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: frontend
          servicePort: 80
      - path: /api
        backend:
          serviceName: backend
          servicePort: 80

之后,确保两者都www.your-application.example指向api.your-application.example您的 Ingress 控制器的外部 IP 地址,然后您就应该完成了。


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