首页 > 解决方案 > 如何处理主模型(MVVM)中子模型的变化

问题描述

从模型更新动态创建的复选框状态的最佳实践是什么?复选框的实际值保存在主模型的子模型中,并根据其逻辑进行更改。复选框的属性绑定到它们各自的 FooViewModel。但是如何改变 FooViewModel 的属性呢?

1方式:主模型触发特殊事件->主VM处理它并使用事件参数找到要更新的目标FooViewModel->主VM使用事件参数中指定的值设置目标FooViewModel属性->通过绑定到FooViewModel更新复选框

2 方式:主模型包含实现 INPC 的 FooModel 的可观察集合,并且每个都被 FooViewModel 包装(使用主 VM 中的 CollectionChanged 事件)。主模型设置一些 FooModel 的属性 -> FooViewModel 处理 PropertyChanged 并将其传输到进一步触发自己的 PropertyChanged 事件 -> 复选框通过绑定到 FooViewModel 更新。FooViewModel 中的转移代码:

this._model.PropertyChanged += (s, a) => this.RaisePropertyChangedEvent(a.PropertyName);

接下来是我的第二种方式的实现:

// MainModel class that holds collection of extra models (CfgActionModel):
class MainModel: BindableBase
{
    ObservableCollection<CfgActionModel> _actionsColl
        = new ObservableCollection<CfgActionModel>();

    public ObservableCollection<CfgActionModel> ActionCollection
    {
        get => this._actionsColl;
    }

    public void AddAction(ConfigEntry cfgEntry, bool isMeta)
    {
        CfgActionModel actionModel = new CfgActionModel()
        {
            CfgEntry = cfgEntry,
            Content = cfgEntry.ToString(),
            IsEnabled = true,
            IsChecked = false
        };

        this._actionsColl.Add(actionModel);
    }
}

// Extra model that is wrapped with CfgActionViewModel:
class CfgActionModel: BindableBase
{
    ConfigEntry _cfgEntry; // Custom enumeration value unique for each checkbox
    string _content;
    bool _isEnabled = false;
    bool _isChecked = false;

    public ConfigEntry CfgEntry
    {
        get => this._cfgEntry;
        set
        {
            if (this._cfgEntry == value) return;

            this._cfgEntry = value;
            this.RaisePropertyChangedEvent(nameof(CfgEntry));
        }
    }

    public string Content
    {
        get => this._content;
        set
        {
            if (this._content == value) return;

            this._content = value;
            this.RaisePropertyChangedEvent(nameof(Content));
        }
    }

    public bool IsEnabled
    {
        get => this._isEnabled;
        set
        {
            if (this._isEnabled == value) return;

            this._isEnabled = value;
            this.RaisePropertyChangedEvent(nameof(IsEnabled));
        }
    }

    public bool IsChecked
    {
        get => this._isChecked;
        set
        {
            if (this._isChecked == value) return;

            this._isChecked = value;
            this.RaisePropertyChangedEvent(nameof(IsChecked));
        }
    }
}

// CfgActionViewModel that is checkbox in UI is bound to:
class CfgActionViewModel: BindableBase
{
    CfgActionModel _model;

    public CfgActionViewModel(CfgActionModel model)
    {
        this._model = model;

        this._model.PropertyChanged += (s, a) => this.RaisePropertyChangedEvent(a.PropertyName);
    }

    public string Content
    {
        get => this._model.Content;
        set => this._model.Content = value;
    }

    public bool IsEnabled
    {
        get => this._model.IsEnabled;
        set => this._model.IsEnabled = value;
    }

    public bool IsChecked
    {
        get => this._model.IsChecked;
        set => this._model.IsChecked = value;
    }
}

// MainViewModel where we fill the model with data:
class MainViewModel
{
    MainModel model;

    readonly ObservableCollection<CfgActionViewModel> _actionVMColl = new ObservableCollection<CfgActionViewModel>();
    public ObservableCollection<CfgActionViewModel> ActionVMCollection => this._actionVMColl;

    public MainViewModel()
    {
        this.model = new MainModel();

        this.model.ActionCollection.CollectionChanged += (s, a) =>
        {
            // when new model is created we create new ViewModel wrapping it
            if (a.Action == NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add)
            {
                CfgActionModel newModel = (CfgActionModel) a.NewItems[0];
                CfgActionViewModel actionViewModel = new CfgActionViewModel(newModel);

                _actionVMColl.Add(actionViewModel);
            }
        };

        model.AddAction(ConfigEntry.AutoBuy, false);
        model.AddAction(ConfigEntry.Bomb, false);
    }
}

View 中的 DataTemplate 如下所示:

<DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type mvvm:CfgActionViewModel}">
    <CheckBox
        IsChecked="{Binding Path=IsChecked, Mode=TwoWay}" 
        IsEnabled="{Binding Path=IsEnabled, Mode=TwoWay}" 
        Content="{Binding Path=Content, Mode=OneWay}"/>
</DataTemplate>

MVVM 是否可以接受避免与某处的 MainViewModel 交互(第二种方式)或每个 subViewModel 的属性必须由 MainViewModel 设置(第一种方式)?

标签: c#wpfmvvm

解决方案


这两种方法都是可以接受的。但就我个人而言,我会采用方法 #1 以使我的模型尽可能薄。

您可以参考示例代码,了解如何执行方法 #1。

public class MainViewModel : BindableBase
{
    public ObservableCollection<SubViewModel> SubViewModels { get; }

    public MainViewModel()
    {
        SubViewModels = new ObservableCollection<SubViewModel>();

        SubViewModels.CollectionChanged += SubViewModels_CollectionChanged;
    }

    private void SubViewModels_CollectionChanged(object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        if(e.Action == NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add)
        {
            foreach(var subVM in e.NewItems.Cast<SubViewModel>())
            {
                subVM.PropertyChanged += SubViewModel_PropertyChanged;
            }
        }

        // TODO: Unsubscribe to SubViewModels that are removed in collection to avoid memory leak.
    }

    private void SubViewModel_PropertyChanged(object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        switch (e.PropertyName)
        {
            case nameof(SubViewModel.IsChecked):
                // TODO: Do your thing here...
                break;
        }
    }
}

public class SubViewModel : BindableBase
{
    private bool _isChecked;

    public bool IsChecked
    {
        get => _isChecked;
        set => SetProperty(ref _isChecked, value);
    }
}

如您所见,我什至不需要在示例代码中包含任何模型,这意味着这里的所有逻辑显然都是表示层的一部分。现在,您可以专注于模型中的业务/领域逻辑。


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