首页 > 解决方案 > 重载 + 和 - 运算符时出错

问题描述

重载运算符 + 以实现以下操作:

  1. 对象 1 + 对象 2
  2. 12 + 对象2
  3. 对象 1 + 10

重载运算符 - 实现以下操作:

  1. 对象 1 - 对象 2
  2. 12 - 对象2
  3. 对象 1 - 10

主要看重载:Obj1 - 10, 12 - Obj2, 12 + Obj2, Obj1 + 10 案例我想重载运算符 + 和 - 以便处理以上所有操作。如何处理这些操作/案例?在这里,我面临第二种情况的问题。我正在考虑只为 + 和 - 编写一个函数来处理这些情况。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
    int real, imag;
public:
    Complex(int r = 0, int i =0)  {real = r;   imag = i;}

     Complex operator + (Complex const &obj) {
     Complex res;
     res.real = this->real + obj.real;
     res.imag = this->imag + obj.imag;
     return res;
}

     Complex operator + (int i) {
     Complex res;
     res.real = this->real + i;
     res.imag = this->imag ;
     return res;
}
    Complex operator - (Complex const &obj) {
      Complex res;
     res.real = this->real - obj.real;
     res.imag = this->imag - obj.imag;
     return res;
    }
  Complex operator - (int i) {
      Complex res;
     res.real = this->real - i;
     res.imag = this->imag ;
     return res;
    }
    void print() { cout << real << " + i" << imag << endl; }
};  

int main()
{
    Complex Obj1(10, 5), Obj2(2, 4);
    Complex Obj3 = Obj1 + Obj2; 
    Complex Obj4 = 10 + Obj3; 
    Complex Obj5 = Obj4 + 15;
    cout<<" + operation:"<<endl;
    Obj3.print();
    Obj4.print();
    Obj5.print();
    Complex Obj6 = Obj1 - Obj2; 
    Complex Obj7 = 10 - Obj3; 
    Complex Obj8 = Obj4 - 15;
    cout<<" - operation:"<<endl;
    Obj6.print();
    Obj7.print();
    Obj8.print();
}

预期输出:

 + operation:    
 12 + i9     
 22 + i9     
 37 + i9   
 - operation:   
 8 + i    
 2 + i9     
 7 + i9    

出现以下错误:

error: no match for 'operator+' (operand types are 'int' and 'Complex')
         Complex Obj4 = 10 + Obj3; 

标签: c++c++11operator-overloadingc++14

解决方案


Complex Obj4 = 10 + Obj3;应该是这样 应该是这样Complex Obj4 = Obj3 + 10;

根据您定义的重载运算符的函数,第一个参数应该是复杂类型而不是 int 类型。

像这样做:-

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
    int real, imag;
public:
    Complex(int r = 0, int i =0)  {real = r;   imag = i;}

     Complex operator + (Complex const &obj) {
     Complex res;
     res.real = this->real + obj.real;
     res.imag = this->imag + obj.imag;
     return res;
}

     friend Complex operator + (int i, Complex const &obj) {
     Complex res;
     res.real = obj.real + i;
     res.imag = obj.imag ;
     return res;
}
    Complex operator - (Complex const &obj) {
      Complex res;
     res.real = this->real - obj.real;
     res.imag = this->imag - obj.imag;
     return res;
    }
  friend Complex operator - (int i, Complex const &obj) {
      Complex res;
     res.real = obj.real - i;
     res.imag = obj.imag ;
     return res;
    }
    void print() { cout << real << " + i" << imag << endl; }
};  

int main()
{
    Complex Obj1(10, 5), Obj2(2, 4);
    Complex Obj3 = Obj1 + Obj2; 
    Complex Obj4 = 10 + Obj3; 
    Complex Obj5 = Obj4 + 15;
    cout<<" + operation:"<<endl;
    Obj3.print();
    Obj4.print();
    Obj5.print();
    Complex Obj6 = Obj1 - Obj2; 
    Complex Obj7 = 10 - Obj3; 
    Complex Obj8 = Obj4 - 15;
    cout<<" - operation:"<<endl;
    Obj6.print();
    Obj7.print();
    Obj8.print();
}

如果您想为每个(+ 和 -)编写一个函数,请考虑使用模板。

正如我已经告诉过你的,第一个参数应该是复杂类型的,但我想我应该解释一下为什么?

下面是两个程序尝试仔细理解它们。

第一个程序:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
    int real, imag;
public:
    Complex(int r = 0, int i =0)  {real = r;   imag = i;}

     Complex operator +(int i) {
        Complex res;
        res.real = this->real + i;
        res.imag = this->imag;
        return res;
    }
    void printComplex(){
        cout<<"Real="<<this->real<<" Imaginary="<<this->imag;
    }
};  

int main()
{
    Complex Obj1(10, 5);
    Complex Obj2;
    Obj2=Obj1 + 5;
    Obj2.printComplex();
    return 0;
}

第二个程序:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
    int real, imag;
public:
    Complex(int r = 0, int i =0)  {real = r;   imag = i;}

     Complex addInt(int i) {
        Complex res;
        res.real = this->real + i;
        res.imag = this->imag;
        return res;
    }
    void printComplex(){
        cout<<"Real="<<this->real<<" Imaginary="<<this->imag;
    }
};  

int main()
{
    Complex Obj1(10, 5);
    Complex Obj2;
    Obj2=Obj1.addInt(5);
    Obj2.printComplex();
    return 0;
}

分别考虑语句Obj2=Obj1 + 5;Obj2=Obj1.addInt(5);在第一个程序和第二个程序中。

所以从这里我想说的是,内部运算符重载就像使用点(。)运算符调用函数一样。所以Obj1.addInt(5)将返回一个 Complex 类型的对象,并将在Obj2. 同样Obj1 + 5也会返回一个 Complex 类型的对象。

因此,如果您不提供 Complex 类型的第一个参数,就像您所做的那样Complex Obj4 = 10 + Obj3;,它将扩展类似Obj4= 10.AddInt(Obj4);. 现在10不是任何对象,所以我们如何使用点运算符调用方法(成员函数)。

但是友元函数的内部工作是不同的。现在,每当我们定义一个友元函数时,对于同一个操作,它都需要两个参数。这意味着朋友函数不使用点(。)运算符调用任何东西,而是接受两个参数并返回一个复杂类型的对象。

注意:- 如果两个参数都是 Complex 类型,那么它可以正常工作,因为 ComplexObj3 = Obj1 + Obj2;将扩展为 ComplexObj3 = Obj1.AddComplex(Obj2);并将Complex Obj3 = Obj2 + Obj1;扩展为Complex Obj3 = Obj2.AddComplex(Obj1);. 所以在这两种情况下,第一个参数都是 Complex。


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