python - 从另一个函数内部悬停事件处理
问题描述
我正在尝试将新代码集成到其他人编写的现有代码中，但遇到了一些问题。现有代码用于matplotlib制作一个 GUI 绘图仪，该绘图仪可以在给定输入文件的情况下绘制各种波形。我希望能够将鼠标悬停在图表上的任何轨迹上并有一个注释框显示它是哪条线（想象一个图表上有 30 条线并且无法将它们彼此区分开来）。我找到了这段代码（我要离开第一个答案）：将鼠标悬停在 matplotlib 中的某个点上时可能出现标签？
这是代码：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np; np.random.seed(1)
x = np.random.rand(15)
y = np.random.rand(15)
names = np.array(list("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO"))
c = np.random.randint(1,5,size=15)
norm = plt.Normalize(1,4)
cmap = plt.cm.RdYlGn
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
sc = plt.scatter(x,y,c=c, s=100, cmap=cmap, norm=norm)
annot = ax.annotate("", xy=(0,0), xytext=(20,20),textcoords="offset points",
bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="w"),
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->"))
annot.set_visible(False)
def update_annot(ind):
pos = sc.get_offsets()[ind["ind"][0]]
annot.xy = pos
text = "{}, {}".format(" ".join(list(map(str,ind["ind"]))),
" ".join([names[n] for n in ind["ind"]]))
annot.set_text(text)
annot.get_bbox_patch().set_facecolor(cmap(norm(c[ind["ind"][0]])))
annot.get_bbox_patch().set_alpha(0.4)
def hover(event):
vis = annot.get_visible()
if event.inaxes == ax:
cont, ind = sc.contains(event)
if cont:
update_annot(ind)
annot.set_visible(True)
fig.canvas.draw_idle()
else:
if vis:
annot.set_visible(False)
fig.canvas.draw_idle()
fig.canvas.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", hover)
plt.show()
现有代码ax在绘图函数内部定义。如果不是很长，我会将整个函数粘贴在这里，但这里有一个片段（下面是上面的一些代码）：
else:
print ('The label is: %s' % label)
ax = plt.subplot('111')
axesDict[labelKey] = ax
#end if
annot = ax.annotate("", xy=(-20,20), xytext=(None),textcoords="offset points",
bbox=dict(fc="b"),
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->"))
annot.set_visible(True)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", hover)
问题是我不知道如何传递ax到悬停函数，因为由于mpl_connect.
我对 Python 非常非常陌生，处理这种大小的现有代码一直是一个挑战。也许我正在错误地考虑实现，请随时指出这一切！我确信我还有更多问题，但这是一个好的开始。提前感谢您的帮助和时间。
编辑：这是长绘图功能（这只是我处理的第一部分）：
def plotData(self, refreshPlotAxes = False):
if len(self.waveformObjectList) == 0:
print ('no waveforms to plot')
return
#end if
startFigureNumber = self.startFigureNumber
nextFigureNumber = startFigureNumber
if self.fileDataTypeMode == 'ascii':
markerArray = self.defaultMarkerArray
else:
markerArray = ['']
waveformIndexList = self.getFilteredWaveformObjectIndexList()
###################### First Plot #############################
if self.plotFreqResp:
firstLoop = True
markerIndex = 0
#which labels are in each figure
xAxisLabelDictionary = {}
yAxisLabelDictionary = {}
subplotDictionary = {} #subplots for each figure
plotAxisDictionary = {} #plot axis for every subplot
#at the moment, I don't support multiple figures and multiple subplots at the same time,
#but I might someday
logXDictDict = {}
logYDictDict = {}
plotFilename = 'blank_freqresp.png'
plotAxisList = []
numberOfFigures = 0
numberOfSubPlots = 0
numberOfLabels = 0
#set up the plots
axesDict = {}
labelList = []
for waveformObj in self.waveformObjectList:
label = waveformObj.label
labelPieces = label.split('_')
labelList.append(labelPieces)
#end for waveformObj
commonLabelPieces = []
if len(labelList) > 1:
labelPieces0 = labelList[0]
for labelPiece in labelPieces0:
isCommon = True
for labelPieces in labelList:
if labelPieces.count(labelPiece) == 0:
isCommon = False
break
#end if
#end for
if isCommon:
commonLabelPieces.append(labelPiece)
#end if
#end for labelPiece
#end if
for waveformIndex in waveformIndexList:
waveformObj = self.waveformObjectList[waveformIndex]
plotFilename = waveformObj.filename
[plotFilename, ext] = os.path.splitext(plotFilename)
plotFilename += '_freqresp.png'
if firstLoop or (self.plot1SeparatePlots and not self.plot1SubPlots):
currentFigureNumber = nextFigureNumber
logXDictDict[currentFigureNumber] = {}
logYDictDict[currentFigureNumber] = {}
nextFigureNumber += 1
numberOfFigures += 1
figureTxt = 'Figure %d - %s' % (currentFigureNumber, self.appTitle)
fig = plt.figure(figureTxt, figsize=self.cwPlotSize)
#end if
label = waveformObj.getLabel(shortLabel = self.shortLabel, includeXLabel = self.showXInLabel)
shortLabel = waveformObj.getLabel(shortLabel = True, includeXLabel = self.showXInLabel)
if self.enableShortenedLabels:
label = waveformObj.label
labelPieces = label.split('_')
uniqueLabelPieces = []
for labelPiece in labelPieces:
if commonLabelPieces.count(labelPiece) == 0:
uniqueLabelPieces.append(labelPiece)
#end if
#end for
label = '_'.join(uniqueLabelPieces)
label += '(' + shortLabel + ')'
#end if
try:
if waveformObj.hasReference():
label += '%s%s @ %s' % (waveformObj.referenceWaveformOperation, waveformObj.referenceWaveform, waveformObj.referenceWaveformFreq)
#end if
except:
pass
[xAxisLabel, yAxisLabel] = waveformObj.axisLabels()[0:2]
if xAxisLabel == 'none':
xAxisLabel = waveformObj.getDataLabels()[0]
if yAxisLabel == 'none' or yAxisLabel == 'mag':
yAxisLabel = waveformObj.getDataLabels()[1]
## print ('data labels = %s' % str([xAxisLabel, yAxisLabel]))
## print ('shortLabel = %s' % shortLabel
## print ('label = %s' % label
#when there is just one subplot (the default), it's designated '111'
subplotString = '1'
logX = self.logHorizontalAxis
dbY = self.dBVerticalAxis
if self.plot1SubPlots:
subplotString = '000'
for subplotNum in self.plot1SubPlotDict['filter'].keys():
matchList = self.plot1SubPlotDict['filter'][subplotNum]
for matchItem in matchList:
if re.search(matchItem, shortLabel):
subplotString = subplotNum
break
#end if
#end for
#end for
if subplotString == '000':
firstLoop = False
continue
try:
logX = self.plot1SubPlotDict['xlog'][subplotString]
except:
pass
try:
dbY = self.plot1SubPlotDict['ydb'][subplotString]
except:
pass
#end if
# if waveformObj.yUnits.lower().count('db'):
# yData = waveformObj.getNormalizeddBVector()
# logY = False
if waveformObj.yUnits.lower().count('bits') or \
waveformObj.yUnits.lower().count('data'):
yData = waveformObj.getMagnitudeVector()
logY = False
dbY = False
forceLinearYAxis = True
else:
forceLinearYAxis = False
if dbY:
yData = waveformObj.getNormalizeddBVector(self.absoluteValueForDB)
logY = False
else:
yData = waveformObj.getNormalizedMagnitudeVector()
logY = self.logVerticalAxis
#end if
#end if
fData = waveformObj.getFreqVector()
labelKey = str(currentFigureNumber) + '_' + subplotString
if not labelKey in xAxisLabelDictionary:
xAxisLabelDictionary[labelKey] = []
if not labelKey in yAxisLabelDictionary:
yAxisLabelDictionary[labelKey] = []
if not currentFigureNumber in subplotDictionary:
subplotDictionary[currentFigureNumber] = []
xAxisLabelDictionary[labelKey].append(xAxisLabel)
yAxisLabelDictionary[labelKey].append(yAxisLabel)
plot1FormatMatchesKey = False
for key in self.plot1Format.keys():
if re.search(key, waveformObj.yLabel) or re.search(key, waveformObj.label):
plot1FormatMatchesKey = True
break
elif re.search(key, label):
plot1FormatMatchesKey = True
break
#end if
#end for key
if plot1FormatMatchesKey:
pltFormatText = self.plot1Format[key][0]
pltLineWidth = self.plot1Format[key][1]
pltMarkerSize = self.plot1Format[key][2]
allowLabel = self.plot1Format[key][3]
if len(self.plot1Format[key]) > 4:
markerColor = self.plot1Format[key][4]
else:
markerColor = -1
if pltFormatText is None:
pltFormatText = markerArray[markerIndex]+'-'
markerIndex += 1
if pltLineWidth < 0:
pltLineWidth = self.defaultLineWidth
if pltMarkerSize < 0:
pltMarkerSize = self.defaultMarkerSize
if not allowLabel:
label = ''
if markerColor != -1:
markerEdgeColor = None
markerEdgeWidth = self.defaultMarkerEdgeWidth
markerFaceColor = markerColor
else:
markerEdgeColor = None
markerEdgeWidth = self.defaultMarkerEdgeWidth
markerFaceColor = None
#end if
else:
pltFormatText = markerArray[markerIndex] + self.defaultLinePattern
markerIndex += 1
pltLineWidth = self.defaultLineWidth
pltMarkerSize = self.defaultMarkerSize
markerEdgeColor = None
markerEdgeWidth = self.defaultMarkerEdgeWidth
markerFaceColor = None
#end if
if markerIndex >= len(markerArray):
markerIndex = 0
if labelKey in axesDict:
try:
plt.sca(axesDict[labelKey])
except:
print ('something went wrong with subplot label %s' % labelKey)
print ('probably due to overlapping subplots.')
print ('make adjustments to the figInfoDict items')
#end try
elif self.plot1SubPlots:
gridShape = self.plot1SubPlotDict['gridShape']
subplotInfo = self.plot1SubPlotDict['figInfoDict'][subplotString]
ax = plt.subplot2grid(gridShape, subplotInfo[0], subplotInfo[1], subplotInfo[2])
axesDict[labelKey] = ax
else:
print ("Made it inside else condition")
print ('The label is: %s' % label)
ax = plt.subplot('111')
axesDict[labelKey] = ax
#end if
#
annot = ax.annotate("", xy=(-20,20), xytext=(None),textcoords="offset points",
bbox=dict(fc="b"),
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->"))
annot.set_visible(True)
h = lambda x: hover(x, annot, label)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", h)
#
格式化绘图
for p in range(numberOfFigures):
figureNumber = p + startFigureNumber
figureTxt = 'Figure %d - %s' % (figureNumber, self.appTitle)
plt.figure(figureTxt)
if not figureNumber in subplotDictionary:
continue
for subplotString in subplotDictionary[figureNumber]:
labelKey = str(figureNumber) + '_' + subplotString
try:
plt.sca(axesDict[labelKey])
except:
print ('something went wrong with subplot label %s' % labelKey)
print ('probably due to overlapping subplots.')
print ('make adjustments to the figInfoDict items')
continue
#end try
#plt.subplot(subplotString)
plotAxis = plotAxisDictionary[labelKey]
#print ('start misc plot settings';
plt.grid(self.plot1Grid, 'both')
plot1YticksList = self.plot1YticksList
plot1XticksList = self.plot1XticksList
plot1YLimits = self.cwPlotYLimits
plot1XLimits = self.cwPlotXLimits
vcursors = []
logX = logXDictDict[figureNumber][subplotString]
logY = logYDictDict[figureNumber][subplotString]
enablePlotXLabel = True
legendEnable = True
if self.plot1SubPlots:
if not logY:
try:
plot1YticksList = self.plot1SubPlotDict['yticks'][subplotString]
except:
pass
else:
plot1YticksList = []
#end if
if not logX:
try:
plot1XticksList = self.plot1SubPlotDict['xticks'][subplotString]
except:
pass
else:
plot1XticksList = []
#end if
try:
plot1YLimits = self.plot1SubPlotDict['ylimits'][subplotString]
except:
pass
try:
plot1XLimits = self.plot1SubPlotDict['xlimits'][subplotString]
except:
pass
try:
vcursors = self.plot1SubPlotDict['vcursors'][subplotString]
except:
pass
try:
enablePlotXLabel = self.plot1SubPlotDict['xLabelEnable'][subplotString]
except:
pass
#end
try:
legendEnable = self.plot1SubPlotDict['legendEnable'][subplotString]
except:
pass
#end
#end if
if logY:
for tick in plot1YticksList:
if tick <= 0:
plot1YticksList = []
break
#end if
#end for
if len(plot1YLimits) == 2:
if plot1YLimits[0] <= 0:
plot1YLimits = []
#end if
#end if
#end if
if len(plot1YticksList):
plt.yticks(plot1YticksList)
if len(plot1XticksList):
plt.xticks(plot1XticksList)
if plotAxis == (0.0,1.0,0.0,1.0) or refreshPlotAxes:
if len(plot1YLimits) == 2:
plt.ylim(plot1YLimits)
if len(plot1XLimits) == 2:
plt.xlim(plot1XLimits)
else:
plt.axis(plotAxis)
#end if
if len(vcursors):
ylimits = plt.ylim()
for x in vcursors:
plt.plot([x,x], ylimits, self.vcursorFormatText, linewidth = self.vcursorWidth)
yAxisLabelListSet = list(set(yAxisLabelDictionary[labelKey]))
if len(yAxisLabelListSet) == 1:
yAxisLabel = yAxisLabelDictionary[labelKey][0]
elif len(yAxisLabelListSet) > 1:
yAxisLabel = yAxisLabelListSet[0]
for buf in yAxisLabelListSet[1:]:
yAxisLabel += ',' + buf
#end for
else:
yAxisLabel = ''
#end if
xAxisLabelListSet = list(set(xAxisLabelDictionary[labelKey]))
if len(xAxisLabelListSet) == 1:
xAxisLabel = xAxisLabelDictionary[labelKey][0]
elif len(xAxisLabelListSet) > 1:
xAxisLabel = xAxisLabelListSet[0]
for buf in xAxisLabelListSet[1:]:
xAxisLabel += ',' + buf
#end for
else:
xAxisLabel = ''
#end if
if not forceLinearYAxis:
if dbY:
if not waveformObj.yUnits.lower().count('db'):
yAxisLabel += ' (dB)'
else:
yAxisLabel += ' (lin)'
#end if
plt.ylabel(yAxisLabel)
if enablePlotXLabel:
plt.xlabel(xAxisLabel)
else:
xtickList = plt.xticks()[0]
plt.xticks(xtickList, '')
#end if
prop=matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(size=self.legendFontSize)
if self.shortLabel:
plt.title(waveformObj.filename, fontsize=12)
#end if
if self.cwPlotLegend and legendEnable:
plt.legend(loc=self.plot1LegendLocation,prop=prop,borderpad=0.3,labelspacing=0.1,handletextpad=0,numpoints=self.numLegendPoints)
#end if
#print ('done'
#end for subplotString
plt.draw()
if self.savePlotAsImage:
plt.savefig(plotFilename, format='png')
解决方案
你可以这样做：
h = lambda x: hover(x, ax)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", h)
然后将悬停功能更改为：
def hover(event, ax):
...
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