问题描述

我正在用 Django 创建一个网站（显然），但我在创建用户时遇到了问题。我想将我的用户与称为类的模型相关联，并且该类包含多个用户。而且我假设我需要使用models.OneToOneField()将一个类与多个用户相关联。但是，例如，当我在终端中创建一个超级用户时，IntegrityError当我输入最后一点所需信息并按下回车键时，我会立即得到一个。基本上，我只想要一个名为 a 的模型Class来关联多个用户，并且每个类都有不同的Keys/authentication（如中所示models.py）来在我的网站上做不同的事情。

完整回溯（尝试创建超级用户后）：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 383, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
sqlite3.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: users_user.parent_class_id

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 61, in execute
    return super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 156, in handle
    self.UserModel._default_manager.db_manager(database).create_superuser(**user_data)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\users\models.py", line 37, in create_superuser
    return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\users\models.py", line 18, in _create_user
    user.save(using=self._db)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 66, in save
    super().save(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 741, in save
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 779, in save_base
    force_update, using, update_fields,
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 870, in _save_table
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _do_insert
    using=using, raw=raw)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1186, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1335, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 99, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 67, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\lll20\Documents\PYJA\pyja\p_env\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 383, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: users_user.parent_class_id

编码

project/users/models.py：

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, BaseUserManager
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _


class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    """Define a model manager for User model with no username field."""

    use_in_migrations = True

    def _create_user(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        """Create and save a User with the given email and password."""
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('The given email must be set')
        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(email=email, **extra_fields)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_user(self, email, password=None, **extra_fields):
        """Create and save a regular User with the given email and password."""
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
        return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)

    def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        """Create and save a SuperUser with the given email and password."""
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)

        if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
        if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')

        return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)


class Keys(models.Model):
    """A Model to represent any kind of auth key."""
    key = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=False, default="")

    kind_of_authorisation = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default="")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "Keys"


class Class(models.Model):
    """A model to represent all kinds of classes."""
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default="", unique=True)
    class_id = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=False, default="", unique=True)

    authorisations = models.ForeignKey(Keys, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=False)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "Classes"


class User(AbstractUser):
    """User model."""
    username = models.CharField(max_length=75, unique=True)
    email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), unique=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default="")
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default="")

    # It's this field that I don't know about.
    parent_class = models.ForeignKey(Class, on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                                     null=True)

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username', 'first_name', 'last_name']

    objects = UserManager()

project/users/admin.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as DjangoUserAdmin
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

from .models import User, Class, Keys


@admin.register(User)
class UserAdmin(DjangoUserAdmin):
    """Define admin model for custom User model with no email field."""

    fieldsets = (
        (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
        (_('Personal info'), {'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name')}),
        (_('Permissions'), {'fields': ('is_active', 'is_staff', 'is_superuser',
                                       'groups', 'user_permissions')}),
        (_('Important dates'), {'fields': ('last_login', 'date_joined')}),
    )
    add_fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'classes': ('wide',),
            'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2'),
        }),
    )
    list_display = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'is_staff')
    search_fields = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name')
    ordering = ('email',)


admin.site.register(Class)
admin.site.register(Keys)

project/users/forms.py：

from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, UserChangeForm

from .models import User, Class, Keys
from explore_database import functions as func


class CreateUserForm(UserCreationForm):
    # Require the email field.
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ("email", "username", "password1",
                  "password2")

    def save(self, commit=True):
        user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
        # Get all the relevant data, and save it.
        user.email = self.cleaned_data["email"]
        user.username = self.cleaned_data["username"]

        # Save the newly created user.
        if commit:
            user.save()
        return user


class EditProfileForm(UserChangeForm):
    password = None

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ("email", "username")


class CreateClass(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Class
        fields = ("name", "class_id", "authorisations")


class CreateKey(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Keys
        fields = ("key", "kind_of_authorisation")

非常感谢任何帮助。谢谢！

更新：好的，我已经到了拥有超级用户的地步。我设置null=True并能够成功创建超级用户。但是，现在我看不到应该在管理员中为我的超级用户设置类的位置。我可以将类实例与超级用户关联的唯一方法是，进入python manage.py shell然后手动将我在管理员中创建的类实例添加到超级用户。

标签： djangopython-3.xdjango-users

django - Python Django - 将 ForeignKey 与用户相关联。IntegrityError NOT NULL 约束失败

问题描述

编码

解决方案

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