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python - 如何通过某些功能在 PyQt5 中切换屏幕？

问题描述

这是 main.py：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'main.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.13.0
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!

import sys

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

import PyGravitySim.files.program as program


class Ui_main(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Preferred)
        sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(MainWindow.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
        MainWindow.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
        MainWindow.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(1920, 1080))
        MainWindow.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(1920, 1080))
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 200, 1920, 250))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial")
        font.setPointSize(72)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 520, 1920, 81))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial")
        font.setPointSize(20)
        self.label_2.setFont(font)
        self.label_2.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.start_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.start_button.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(760, 730, 401, 131))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial")
        font.setPointSize(30)
        self.start_button.setFont(font)
        self.start_button.setObjectName("start_button")
        self.start_button.clicked.connect(self.btn_clicked)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def btn_clicked(self):
        program.startProgram()

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "PyGravity Sim by Woojin K"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "PyGravity Sim"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Made by Woojin K"))
        self.start_button.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "START"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_main()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

这是程序.py：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'program.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.13.0
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!

import sys

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_program(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(1920, 1080)
        MainWindow.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(1920, 1080))
        MainWindow.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(1920, 1080))
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.statusBar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusBar.setObjectName("statusBar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusBar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))


def startProgram():
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_program()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

这些文件只是一个空白示例。我通过 uic 命令制作了这些 .py 文件。

我刚刚startProgram()在 program.py 上添加，然后在 main.py 上导入它。

如果我按下开始按钮，我会得到退出代码 -1 并且程序会崩溃。

我怎么解决这个问题？

标签： pythonpyqtpyqt5

解决方案

Qt 中只存在一个 QApplication 实例，因此您永远不应该创建并开始运行另一个实例。事实上，如果您尝试在 IDE 中或从 shell/命令提示符运行程序，它可能会在退出之前返回：

QCoreApplication::exec: The event loop is already running

您实际上应该做的是从主脚本创建 Ui：

from program import Ui_program

class Ui_main(object):
    # ...
    def btn_clicked(self):
        self.programWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
        ui = Ui_program()
        ui.setupUi(self.programWindow)
        self.programWindow.show()

也就是说，这不是uic 生成文件的使用方式，因为您应该将它们保持原样并将它们作为模块导入到您的实际脚本中。
阅读有关使用 Designer的官方 PyQt 文档，以了解如何实现 ui 文件及其生成的输出。

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