json - WinRM 超时 Packer，可能是端口问题？使用 MWrock 模板
问题描述
像很多人一样，我在让 winRM 工作时遇到了麻烦。我正在使用 MWrock 模板，所以理论上它应该已经用我正在使用的他的脚本修复了，但不幸的是它只是超时了......
这是我的 json 文件：
{
"builders": [
{
"type": "virtualbox-iso",
"vboxmanage": [
[ "modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--memory", "2048" ],
[ "modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--vram", "48" ],
[ "modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--cpus", "2" ]
],
"guest_additions_mode": "attach",
"guest_os_type": "Windows2016_64",
"headless": "true",
"iso_url": "iso/Windows_Server_2016_Datacenter_EVAL_en-us_14393_refresh.iso",
"iso_checksum": "70721288bbcdfe3239d8f8c0fae55f1f",
"iso_checksum_type": "md5",
"communicator": "winrm",
"winrm_username": "Project",
"winrm_password": "Project",
"winrm_timeout": "12h",
"shutdown_command": "C:/Windows/Panther/Unattend/packer_shutdown.bat",
"shutdown_timeout": "15m",
"floppy_files": [
"answer_files/Autounattend.xml",
"scripts/winrm.ps1"
]
}
],
"provisioners": [
{
"type": "powershell",
"script": "scripts/windows-updates.ps1",
"elevated_user": "Project",
"elevated_password": "Project"
},
{
"type": "windows-restart",
"restart_timeout": "15m"
},
{
"type": "powershell",
"execute_command": "powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass \"& { {{.Vars}}{{.Path}}; exit $LastExitCode}\"",
"scripts": [
"enable-rdp.ps1",
"guest-tools.ps1"
]
},
{
"type": "powershell",
"script": "scripts/after-reboot.ps1",
"elevated_user": "Project",
"elevated_password": "Project"
},
{
"type": "powershell",
"script": "scripts/cleanup.ps1",
"elevated_user": "Project",
"elevated_password": "Project"
}
]
}
我的winrm.ps1：
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="WinRM-HTTP" dir=in localport=5985 protocol=TCP action=allow
winrm set winrm/config/service/auth '@{Basic="true"}'
winrm set winrm/config/service '@{AllowUnencrypted="true"}'
这个 winrm.ps1 包含在我的自动无人参与文件中，第 137 行：`
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
<settings pass="windowsPE">
<!-- look for drivers on floppy -->
<component name="Microsoft-Windows-PnpCustomizationsWinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<DriverPaths>
<PathAndCredentials wcm:keyValue="1" wcm:action="add">
<Path>A:\</Path>
</PathAndCredentials>
</DriverPaths>
</component>
<component xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS">
<SetupUILanguage>
<UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage>
</SetupUILanguage>
<InputLocale>en-US</InputLocale>
<SystemLocale>en-US</SystemLocale>
<UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage>
<UILanguageFallback>en-US</UILanguageFallback>
<UserLocale>en-US</UserLocale>
</component>
<component xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS">
<DiskConfiguration>
<Disk wcm:action="add">
<CreatePartitions>
<CreatePartition wcm:action="add">
<Type>Primary</Type>
<Order>1</Order>
<Size>350</Size>
</CreatePartition>
<CreatePartition wcm:action="add">
<Order>2</Order>
<Type>Primary</Type>
<Extend>true</Extend>
</CreatePartition>
</CreatePartitions>
<ModifyPartitions>
<ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">
<Active>true</Active>
<Format>NTFS</Format>
<Label>boot</Label>
<Order>1</Order>
<PartitionID>1</PartitionID>
</ModifyPartition>
<ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">
<Format>NTFS</Format>
<Label>Windows 2016</Label>
<Letter>C</Letter>
<Order>2</Order>
<PartitionID>2</PartitionID>
</ModifyPartition>
</ModifyPartitions>
<DiskID>0</DiskID>
<WillWipeDisk>true</WillWipeDisk>
</Disk>
</DiskConfiguration>
<ImageInstall>
<OSImage>
<InstallFrom>
<MetaData wcm:action="add">
<Key>/IMAGE/NAME </Key>
<Value>Windows Server 2016 SERVERDATACENTER</Value>
</MetaData>
</InstallFrom>
<InstallTo>
<DiskID>0</DiskID>
<PartitionID>2</PartitionID>
</InstallTo>
</OSImage>
</ImageInstall>
<UserData>
<ProductKey>
<WillShowUI>OnError</WillShowUI>
</ProductKey>
<AcceptEula>true</AcceptEula>
<FullName>EvansPackerproject</FullName>
<Organization>Evan</Organization>
</UserData>
</component>
</settings>
<settings pass="generalize">
<component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<SkipRearm>1</SkipRearm>
</component>
<component name="Microsoft-Windows-PnpSysprep" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<PersistAllDeviceInstalls>false</PersistAllDeviceInstalls>
<DoNotCleanUpNonPresentDevices>false</DoNotCleanUpNonPresentDevices>
</component>
</settings>
<settings pass="oobeSystem">
<component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<InputLocale>en-US</InputLocale>
<SystemLocale>en-US</SystemLocale>
<UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage>
<UserLocale>en-US</UserLocale>
</component>
<component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<OOBE>
<HideEULAPage>true</HideEULAPage>
<HideLocalAccountScreen>true</HideLocalAccountScreen>
<HideOEMRegistrationScreen>true</HideOEMRegistrationScreen>
<HideOnlineAccountScreens>true</HideOnlineAccountScreens>
<HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>true</HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>
<NetworkLocation>Home</NetworkLocation>
<ProtectYourPC>1</ProtectYourPC>
</OOBE>
<TimeZone>UTC</TimeZone>
<UserAccounts>
<AdministratorPassword>
<Value>vagrant</Value>
<PlainText>true</PlainText>
</AdministratorPassword>
<LocalAccounts>
<LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
<Password>
<Value>vagrant</Value>
<PlainText>true</PlainText>
</Password>
<Group>administrators</Group>
<DisplayName>Vagrant</DisplayName>
<Name>vagrant</Name>
<Description>Vagrant User</Description>
</LocalAccount>
</LocalAccounts>
</UserAccounts>
<AutoLogon>
<Password>
<Value>vagrant</Value>
<PlainText>true</PlainText>
</Password>
<Enabled>true</Enabled>
<Username>vagrant</Username>
</AutoLogon>
<FirstLogonCommands>
<SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">
<CommandLine>cmd.exe /c C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -File a:\winrm.ps1</CommandLine>
<Order>1</Order>
</SynchronousCommand>
</FirstLogonCommands>
</component>
</settings>
<settings pass="specialize">
<component xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="Microsoft-Windows-ServerManager-SvrMgrNc" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS">
<DoNotOpenServerManagerAtLogon>true</DoNotOpenServerManagerAtLogon>
</component>
<component xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="Microsoft-Windows-IE-ESC" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS">
<IEHardenAdmin>false</IEHardenAdmin>
<IEHardenUser>false</IEHardenUser>
</component>
<component xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="Microsoft-Windows-OutOfBoxExperience" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS">
<DoNotOpenInitialConfigurationTasksAtLogon>true</DoNotOpenInitialConfigurationTasksAtLogon>
</component>
</settings>
</unattend>`
当它通过构建运行时，我注意到它没有使用正确的端口......
==> virtualbox-iso: Pausing after run of step 'StepAttachFloppy'. Press enter to continue. ==> virtualbox-iso: Creating forwarded port mapping for communicator (SSH, WinRM, etc) (host port 3664)
==> virtualbox-iso: Pausing after run of step 'StepForwardSSH'. Press enter to continue. ==> virtualbox-iso: Executing custom VBoxManage commands...
virtualbox-iso: Executing: modifyvm packer-virtualbox-iso-1574451132 --memory 2048
virtualbox-iso: Executing: modifyvm packer-virtualbox-iso-1574451132 --vram 48
virtualbox-iso: Executing: modifyvm packer-virtualbox-iso-1574451132 --cpus 2
==> virtualbox-iso: Pausing after run of step 'StepVBoxManage'. Press enter to continue. ==> virtualbox-iso: Starting the virtual machine...
==> virtualbox-iso: Pausing after run of step 'StepRun'. Press enter to continue. ==> virtualbox-iso: Waiting 10s for boot...
==> virtualbox-iso: Typing the boot command...
==> virtualbox-iso: Pausing after run of step 'boot_command: '. Press enter to continue. ==> virtualbox-iso: Pausing after run of step 'StepTypeBootCommand'. Press enter to continue. ==> virtualbox-iso: Using winrm communicator to connect: 127.0.0.1
==> virtualbox-iso: Waiting for WinRM to become available...
我看过其他关于港口的帖子，但没有明确的解决方案。
任何帮助或正确方向的观点将不胜感激。
解决方案
通过在我的本地计算机上正确设置 WINRM 解决...
按照这些故障排除步骤，然后将 json 文件更改为不包括端口转发，因为 VirtualBox 不需要它。
它说它在cmd运行时使用的端口packer只是它转发到winrm来宾端口的主机。
{
"builders": [
{
"type": "virtualbox-iso",
"vm_name": "Evans project",
"vboxmanage": [
[ "modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--memory", "2048" ],
[ "modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--vram", "48" ],
[ "modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--cpus", "2" ]
],
"guest_additions_mode": "attach",
"guest_os_type": "Windows2016_64",
"headless": "false",
"iso_url": "iso/Windows_Server_2016_Datacenter_EVAL_en-us_14393_refresh.iso",
"iso_checksum": "70721288bbcdfe3239d8f8c0fae55f1f",
"iso_checksum_type": "md5",
"communicator": "winrm",
"winrm_host": "5985",
"winrm_username": "Project",
"winrm_password": "Project",
"winrm_timeout": "12h",
"shutdown_command": "C:/Windows/Panther/Unattend/packer_shutdown.bat",
"shutdown_timeout": "15m",
"floppy_files": [
"answer_files/Autounattend.xml",
"scripts/winrmv2.ps1"
]
}
],
"provisioners": [
{
"type": "powershell",
"scripts": "scripts/windows-updates.ps1",
"elevated_user": "Project",
"elevated_password": "Project"
},
{
"type": "windows-restart",
"restart_timeout": "15m"
},
{
"type": "powershell",
"execute_command": "powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass \"& { {{.Vars}}{{.Path}}; exit $LastExitCode}\"",
"scripts": [
"enable-rdp.ps1",
"guest-tools.ps1"
]
},
{
"type": "powershell",
"script": "scripts/after-reboot.ps1",
"elevated_user": "Project",
"elevated_password": "Project"
},
{
"type": "powershell",
"script": "scripts/cleanup.ps1",
"elevated_user": "Project",
"elevated_password": "Project"
}
]
}
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