首页 > 解决方案 > 在 C++ 中获取嵌套的 JSON 数组和矩阵

问题描述

我必须使用 C++ 从 JSON 文件中读取一些数据。经过一些研究,我发现 Boost Property Tree 是最推荐的方法,并且我能够使用简单的字符串启动并运行它。但是,当涉及到深层嵌套数组和矩阵时,我没有找到适合我的解决方案。

这就是我的 JSON 文件的样子。可以有多个“对象”及其数据:

{
    "some_data":
    {
        (...)
    },
    "objects": [
        {
            "name": "Some name",
            "id": 0,
            "array": [ 1.9352999925613403, -1.0619000196456909, 38.685501098632813 ],
            "matrix": [
                [ -0.74119997024536133, -0.56959998607635498, 0.35519999265670776, 0 ],
                [ 0.61210000514984131, -0.35649999976158142, 0.70579999685287476, 0 ],
                [ 0.27540001273155212, -0.74059998989105225, -0.6129000186920166, 0 ],
                [ 1.9352999925613403, -1.0619000196456909, 38.685501098632813, 1 ]
            ],
            (...)
        },
        (...)
    ]
}

我使用以下代码成功检索存储在字符串“name”中的数据(两个循环都可以正常工作):

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/json_parser.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>

int main() {
    boost::property_tree::ptree root;
    boost::property_tree::read_json("dataFile.json", root);
    std::string name;

    BOOST_FOREACH(boost::property_tree::ptree::value_type& v, root.get_child("objects")) {
        name =  v.second.get<std::string>("name");
    }

    for(boost::property_tree::ptree::value_type& v : root.get_child("objects")) {
        name =  v.second.get<std::string>("name");
    }

    return 0;
}

是否有类似的方法或对我的代码进行一些扩展以允许我获取数组和矩阵的值?我无法在遍历“对象”的循环中嵌套另一个 for(each) 循环,但也无法一次获取数组或矩阵数据。

感谢您提前提供任何帮助!

标签: c++jsonboostboost-propertytree

解决方案


就像我在评论中警告的那样,Boost Property Tree 不是 JSON 库。这并不意味着您在这里要求的内容是不可能的。

有可能的。让我们选择ArrayMatrix定义:

using Array = std::array<double, 3>;
using Matrix = std::array<std::array<double, 4>, 4>;

我首选的策略(而不是使用 Property Tree 中的 Translators 框架)是编写程序助手:

void read(ptree const& pt, double& into);
void read(ptree const& pt, Array& into);
void read(ptree const& pt, Matrix& into);

事实上,我们可以在同一个实现中同时捕获 Array/Matrix:

void read(ptree const& pt, double& into) {
    into = pt.get_value<double>();
}

template <typename ArrayOrMatrix>
void read(ptree const& pt, ArrayOrMatrix& into) {
    auto elements = pt.equal_range(""); // unnamed elements

    assert(boost::size(elements) == into.size());
    auto out = into.begin();
    for (auto& [_,v] : boost::make_iterator_range(elements)) {
        read(v, *out++);
    }
}

现在我们可以简单地把我们的程序写成:

boost::property_tree::ptree pt;
read_json(iss, pt);

for (auto& [_,obj] : pt.get_child("objects")) {
    std::cout << "Reading object " << std::quoted(obj.get<std::string>("name")) << "\n";
    Array a;
    Matrix m;

    read(obj.get_child("array"), a);
    read(obj.get_child("matrix"), m);
}

在Coliru现场观看

#include <boost/property_tree/json_parser.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cassert>

using boost::property_tree::ptree;

using Array = std::array<double, 3>;
using Matrix = std::array<std::array<double, 4>, 4>;

void read(ptree const& pt, double& into) {
    into = pt.get_value<double>();
}

template <typename ArrayOrMatrix>
void read(ptree const& pt, ArrayOrMatrix& into) {
    auto elements = pt.equal_range(""); // unnamed elements

    assert(boost::size(elements) == into.size());
    auto out = into.begin();
    for (auto& [_,v] : boost::make_iterator_range(elements)) {
        read(v, *out++);
    }
}

int main() {

    std::istringstream iss(R"({
    "some_data":
    {
    },
    "objects": [
        {
            "name": "Some name",
            "id": 0,
            "array": [ 1.9352999925613403, -1.0619000196456909, 38.685501098632813 ],
            "matrix": [
                [ -0.74119997024536133, -0.56959998607635498, 0.35519999265670776, 0 ],
                [ 0.61210000514984131, -0.35649999976158142, 0.70579999685287476, 0 ],
                [ 0.27540001273155212, -0.74059998989105225, -0.6129000186920166, 0 ],
                [ 1.9352999925613403, -1.0619000196456909, 38.685501098632813, 1 ]
            ],
            "more": {}
        }
    ]
})");

    boost::property_tree::ptree pt;
    read_json(iss, pt);

    for (auto& [_,obj] : pt.get_child("objects")) {
        std::cout << "Reading object " << std::quoted(obj.get<std::string>("name")) << "\n";
        Array a;
        Matrix m;

        read(obj.get_child("array"), a);
        read(obj.get_child("matrix"), m);
    }

    //write_json(std::cout, pt);
}

印刷:

Reading object "Some name"

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