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首页 > 解决方案 > 对于@SpringBootTest，为什么我会告诉我“配置错误：发现@BootstrapWith 的多个声明”，即使我没有一个？

jpa - 对于@SpringBootTest，为什么我会告诉我“配置错误：发现@BootstrapWith 的多个声明”，即使我没有一个？

问题描述

我正在使用 Spring Boot 2.1。我正在尝试设置 Spring Boot 集成测试来测试控制器。我有以下

@ContextConfiguration(classes=CardmaniaApplication.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@DataJpaTest
public class CardControllerIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Autowired
    private ICardRepository cardRepository;

    @Autowired
    private IUserRepository userRepository;
    
    @Autowired
    private IOccasionRepository occasionRepository;
    
    @Test
    @WithMockUser(authorities = {"ADMIN"})
    void createCard() throws Exception {
        final Card card = new Card();
        final User author = userRepository.findAll().get(0);
        card.setAuthor(author);
        final Occasion occasion = occasionRepository.findAll().get(0);
        card.setOccasion(occasion);
        byte[] image = new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1};
        card.setImage(image);
        
        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/cards").contentType("application/json")
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(card)))
                .andExpect(status().isOk());

        List<Card> cards = cardRepository.findByOccasion(occasion);
        assertThat(cards.size()).isEqualTo(1);
        final Card cardEntity = cards.get(0);
        assertThat(cardEntity.getImage()).isEqualTo(image);
    }
}

我对如何注释主类有点困惑，因为当我运行测试时，我得到了异常

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [com.burrobuie.cardmania.controller.CardControllerIntegrationTest]: [@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper), @org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper)]
    at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveExplicitTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:166)
    at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:127)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:122)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.lambda$getOrComputeIfAbsent$0(ExtensionValuesStore.java:81)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.get(ExtensionValuesStore.java:182)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(ExtensionValuesStore.java:84)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(ExtensionValuesStore.java:88)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.NamespaceAwareStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(NamespaceAwareStore.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.getTestContextManager(SpringExtension.java:213)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeAll(SpringExtension.java:77)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeAllCallbacks$7(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:359)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeAllCallbacks(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:359)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:189)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:78)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:132)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1540)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:248)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$5(DefaultLauncher.java:211)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:226)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:199)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:141)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit5.runner.JUnit5TestReference.run(JUnit5TestReference.java:98)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:542)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:770)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:464)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:210)
    Suppressed: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [com.burrobuie.cardmania.controller.CardControllerIntegrationTest]: [@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper), @org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper)]
        at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveExplicitTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:166)
        at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:127)
        at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:122)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.lambda$getOrComputeIfAbsent$0(ExtensionValuesStore.java:81)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.get(ExtensionValuesStore.java:182)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.remove(ExtensionValuesStore.java:98)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.NamespaceAwareStore.remove(NamespaceAwareStore.java:73)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.afterAll(SpringExtension.java:89)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeAfterAllCallbacks$13(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:425)
        at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeAfterAllCallbacks$14(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:425)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1540)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeAfterAllCallbacks(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:425)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.after(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:213)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.after(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:78)
        at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:145)
        at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
        at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:145)
    

... 29 more

我需要在标题中添加或删除什么以允许我的测试运行？

我必须包括以下内容，因为 SO 告诉我我的问题主要是代码。Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet，consectetur adipiscing elit，sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua。Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat。Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur。Exceptioneur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est labourum。

标签： jpaspring-securityintegration-testingspring-boot-testspring-boot-2

解决方案

您有多个相互冲突的测试注释。对于您的用例：控制器的集成测试，以下设置就足够了：

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class CardControllerIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Autowired
    private ICardRepository cardRepository;

    @Autowired
    private IUserRepository userRepository;
    
    @Autowired
    private IOccasionRepository occasionRepository;
    
    @Test
    @WithMockUser(authorities = {"ADMIN"})
    void createCard() throws Exception {
        final Card card = new Card();
        final User author = userRepository.findAll().get(0);
        card.setAuthor(author);
        final Occasion occasion = occasionRepository.findAll().get(0);
        card.setOccasion(occasion);
        byte[] image = new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1};
        card.setImage(image);
        
        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/cards").contentType("application/json")
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(card)))
                .andExpect(status().isOk());

        List<Card> cards = cardRepository.findByOccasion(occasion);
        assertThat(cards.size()).isEqualTo(1);
        final Card cardEntity = cards.get(0);
        assertThat(cardEntity.getImage()).isEqualTo(image);
    }
}

解释：

  • @DataJpaTest用于单独测试应用程序的数据库相关切片（例如存储库）
  • @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)是多余的，因为它已经带有@SpringBootTest
  • @ContextConfiguration是多余的，因为@SpringBootTest确保创建您的上下文

通过此设置，您现在可以启动整个 Spring 上下文（没有嵌入式 servlet 容器）并可以使用MockMvc. 确保您已经为集成测试配置了对数据库的访问，例如，您可以为此使用Testcontainers。

如果您还想启动 Tomcat 并使用 egTestRestTemplate或WebTestClient在没有 的情况下访问您的端点MockMvc，请使用以下命令：@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)

您可以随时查看注释的源代码以了解它们将在后台启用什么（例如，在 IDEA 中按 CTRL + 左键单击）。@SpringBootTest，例如，如下所示：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@BootstrapWith(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
public @interface SpringBootTest {

}

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