python - 使用 python selenium 中的任何标准定位方法都无法识别元素

Question

下面是我完整的 html 页面中的一个 div 部分：

<div class="x-grid3-body" style="width: 998px;" id="ext-gen159">
 <div class="x-grid3-row x-grid3-row-first x-grid3-row-last" style="width:998px;">
  <table class="x-grid3-row-table" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:998px;">
   <tbody>
    <tr>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column0 x-grid3-cell-first " style="width: 40px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column0" unselectable="on">
       <input type="checkbox" style="display:block;float:left;margin:3px 3px 0px 0px" id="chkObjectAccountCheckbox" class="gridcheckbox" onclick="jscript">
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column1 " style="width: 0px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column1" unselectable="on">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column2 " style="width: 30px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column2" unselectable="on">&nbsp;
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column3 " style="width: 30px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column3" unselectable="on">
       <img src="images/icons/word_lock.gif" border="0" title="The object is locked by unm" style="display:block;float:left;margin:0px 3px 0px 0px" id="">
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column4 " style="width: 30px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column4" unselectable="on">&nbsp;
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column5 " style="width: 187px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column5" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">runm
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column6 " style="width: 187px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column6" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">domain
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column7 " style="width: 187px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column7" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">PA-em-id-P
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column8 " style="width: 187px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column8" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">WDM-PA-
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column9 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column9" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">Roo
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column10 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column10" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">Operating System-domain-domain-domain-runm
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column11 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column11" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">PMC
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column12 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column12" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">unm
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column13 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column13" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">unm
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column14 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column14" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column15 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column15" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column16 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column16" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column17 " style="width: 141px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column17" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column18 " style="width: 30px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column18" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
       <img src="images/icons/word_show.gif" border="0" title="Show word" style="display:block;float:left;margin:0px 3px 0px 0px" id="">
      </div>
     </td>
     ...
     ...
     ...
     <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column28 x-grid3-cell-last " style="width: 0px;display: none; text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
      <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column28" unselectable="on">
       <span class="Grid-Panel-All">
       </span>
      </div>
     </td>
    </tr>
   </tbody>
  </table>
 </div>
</div>

对于上面的代码片段，请看下图以了解 div 的结构：

从上图中，橙色圈出的元素是我要自动点击的元素，而上面整个 html 片段中的部分，仅针对该元素（我的目标是下面的 img 或 div 标签识别/定位）：

 <td class="x-grid3-col x-grid3-cell x-grid3-td-column18 " style="width: 30px;text-align: left;" tabindex="0">
  <div class="x-grid3-cell-inner x-grid3-col-column18" unselectable="on" style="cursor:pointer">
   <img src="images/icons/word_show.gif" border="0" title="Show word" style="display:block;float:left;margin:0px 3px 0px 0px" id="">
  </div>
 </td>

但是当我想使用文档中的标准硒定位方法（https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html）找到元素时，没有任何效果。我还检查了，问题仅针对此 div 部分中定义的元素（整个 html 代码位于描述的开头）：

html 页面之外的其余部分使用这些标准方法可以很好地工作。

我有问题的代码片段是：

def copy_pwd(self):

        time.sleep(60)
        #img_link = self.chrome_driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="ext-gen159"]/div/table/tbody/tr/td[19]/div/img')
        img_link = self.chrome_driver.find_element_by_class_name('x-grid3-cell-inner.x-grid3-col-column18')
        img_link.click()

当我使用 find_element_by_xpath 时，错误是：

selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"xpath","selector":"//div[@id="ext-gen159"]/div/table/tbody/tr/td[19]/div/img"}
  (Session info: chrome=85.0.4183.102)

将 xpath 从 更改//div[@id="ext-gen159"]/div/table/tbody/tr/td[19]/div/img为//*[@id="ext-gen159"]/div/table/tbody/tr/td[19]/div/img，也会给出与上述相同的异常。

当我使用 find_element_by_class_name 时，错误是：

selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":".x-grid3-cell-inner.x-grid3-col-column18"}
  (Session info: chrome=85.0.4183.102)

没有为有问题的元素定义name, id,link_text因此无法使用相应的定位方法进行测试。

注意：我已经浏览了它说而不是time.sleep(60)使用的文章，因此webdriverwait我使用了它并进行了测试：

def copy_pwd(self):

        #time.sleep(60)
        find_elem = WebDriverWait(self.chrome_driver, 60).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//div[@id="ext-gen159"]/div/table/tbody/tr/td[19]/div/img')))
        if find_elem:
            #img_link = self.chrome_driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="ext-gen159"]/div/table/tbody/tr/td[19]/div/img')
            img_link = self.chrome_driver.find_element_by_class_name('x-grid3-cell-inner.x-grid3-col-column18')
            img_link.click()

但在这种情况下WebDriverWait给了我超时异常：

find_elem = WebDriverWait(self.chrome_driver, 60).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//div[@id="ext-gen159"]/div/table/tbody/tr/td[19]/div/img')))
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python38\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\wait.py", line 80, in until
raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message:

后来我调查发现当元素无法识别时，使用我使用的XPATH或CLASS，超时异常WebDriverWait也是合理的。此外，我用其他几种等待方法代替EC.element_to_be_clickablelike进行了测试EC.visibility_of_element_located，EC.presence_of_element_located但没有任何效果。

1. 我做错了什么，为什么我不能让它工作？
2. 是否有可能这部分被 html 设计者故意混淆，以阻止浏览器自动化中的任何自动化脚本？
3. 我使用 XPATH 或 class_name 查找元素是否错误？
4. 在这种情况下，如何利用 CSS_selector 的 find 元素？

请帮忙。

我的驱动程序是 google-chrome，版本是 85.0.4183.102。

标签： pythonhtmlseleniumselenium-webdriverselenium-chromedriver

Answer 1

试试这个 xpath：

def copy_pwd(self):

        #time.sleep(60)
        find_elem = WebDriverWait(self.chrome_driver, 60).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//img[@src="images/icons/word_show.gif"]')))
        find_elem.click()