首页 > 解决方案 > 如何优化算法以更快地找到具有fuzzywuzzy的相似字符串?

问题描述

在我的数据库中查找相似的食物名称时遇到问题(大约有 100k 产品名称)。我决定使用 fuzz.token_sort_ratiofrom libfuzzywuzzy来查找类似的产品名称。这是它的工作原理:

s1 = 'Pepsi Light'
s2 = 'Light Pepsi'
fuzz.token_sort_ratio(s1, s2)

100

现在我想找到所有具有相似词的产品名称,结果为fuzz.token_sort_ratio>= 90 这是我的代码:

#Find similar
start=datetime.now()
l = list(v_foods.name[0:20000])
i=0
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['name1', 'name2', 'probab_same'])
for k in range(len(l)):
    for s in range(k+1,len(l)):
        probability = fuzz.token_sort_ratio(l[k], l[s])
        if  probability >= 90:
            df.loc[i] = [l[k], l[s], probability]
            i +=1
print('Spent time: {}' .format(datetime.now() - start))           
df.head(5)   

这需要很多时间。我拥有的产品越多,花费的时间就越多

  1. l = list(v_foods.name[0:5000]) 花费时间:~3 分钟
  2. l = list(v_foods.name[0:10000]) 花费时间:~13 分钟
  3. l = list(v_foods.name[0:20000]) 花费时间:~53 分钟

正如我上面所说,我的基地有 10 万个名字,它的工作速度很慢。有什么方法可以优化我的算法吗?

标签: pythonalgorithmoptimization

解决方案


您的问题是您正在将每个名称与其他名称进行比较。那是n^2比较,所以变得很慢。您需要做的只是比较有可能足够相似的名称对。

为了做得更好,我们需要知道图书馆实际上在做什么。多亏了这个出色的答案,我们才能知道这一点。它对这两个名称的要求是什么fuzz._process_and_sort(name, True),然后寻找一个 Levenshtein 比率。也就是说,它计算从一个字符串到另一个字符串的最佳方式,然后计算100 * matched_chars / (matched_chars + edits). 要使这个分数达到 90+,编辑次数最多 len(name) / 9为. (该条件是必要的但不充分,如果这些编辑在此字符串中包含替换和删除,则会降低匹配字符的数量并降低比率。)

所以你可以很容易地标准化所有的名字。问题是你能找到一个给定的规范化名称,所有其他规范化名称在最大数量的编辑中?

诀窍是首先将所有标准化名称放入Trie数据结构中。然后我们可以并行遍历 Trie 以探索在一定编辑距离内的所有分支。这允许删除超出该距离的大量规范化名称,而无需单独检查它们。

这是 Trie 的 Python 实现,它可以让您找到这些规范化名称对。

import re

# Now we will build a trie.  Every node has a list of words, and a dictionary
# from the next letter farther in the trie.
class Trie:
    def __init__(self, path=''):
        self.strings = []
        self.dict = {}
        self.count_strings = 0
        self.path = path

    def add_string (self, string):
        trie = self

        for letter in string:
            trie.count_strings += 1
            if letter not in trie.dict:
                trie.dict[letter] = Trie(trie.path + letter)
            trie = trie.dict[letter]
        trie.count_strings += 1
        trie.strings.append(string)

    def __hash__ (self):
        return id(self)

    def __repr__ (self):
        answer = self.path + ":\n  count_strings:" + str(self.count_strings) + "\n  strings: " + str(self.strings) + "\n  dict:"
        def indent (string):
            p = re.compile("^(?!:$)", re.M)
            return p.sub("    ", string)
        for letter in sorted(self.dict.keys()):
            subtrie = self.dict[letter]
            answer = answer + indent("\n" + subtrie.__repr__())
        return answer

    def within_edits(self, string, max_edits):
        # This will be all trie/string pos pairs that we have seen
        found = set()
        # This will be all trie/string pos pairs that we start the next edit with
        start_at_edit = set()

        # At distance 0 we start with the base of the trie can match the start of the string.
        start_at_edit.add((self, 0))
        answers = []
        for edits in range(max_edits + 1): # 0..max_edits inclusive
            start_at_next_edit = set()
            todo = list(start_at_edit)
            for trie, pos in todo:
                if (trie, pos) not in found: # Have we processed this?
                    found.add((trie, pos))
                    if pos == len(string):
                        answers.extend(trie.strings) # ANSWERS FOUND HERE!!!
                        # We have to delete from the other string
                        for next_trie in trie.dict.values():
                            start_at_next_edit.add((next_trie, pos))
                    else:
                        # This string could have an insertion
                        start_at_next_edit.add((trie, pos+1))
                        for letter, next_trie in trie.dict.items():
                            # We could have had a a deletion in this string
                            start_at_next_edit.add((next_trie, pos))
                            if letter == string[pos]:
                                todo.append((next_trie, pos+1)) # we matched farther
                            else:
                                # Could have been a substitution
                                start_at_next_edit.add((next_trie, pos+1))
            start_at_edit = start_at_next_edit
        return answers

# Sample useage
trie = Trie()
trie.add_string('foo')
trie.add_string('bar')
trie.add_string('baz')
print(trie.within_edits('ba', 1))

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