首页 > 解决方案 > 在不了解文化的情况下将月份名称从一种语言转换为另一种语言?

问题描述

如何在不知道“agosto”是西班牙语还是意大利语的情况下将带有“agosto”之类的月份名称的字符串转换为英文翻译“August”?

我知道我用西班牙语得到了第 8 个月的月份名称

Dim SpanishMonthName as String = Globalization.CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("ES").DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(8)

但是我怎样才能得到字符串“August”(英文中的第 8 个月名称)作为西班牙语或意大利语月份名称“agosto”的翻译?

标签: .netcultureinvariantculture

解决方案


在各种内部CultureInfo有月份名称(请参阅 参考资料someCulture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames),因此您可以:

var italian = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("it-IT");
var spanish = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("es-ES");
var english = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US");

string month = "agosto";

var italianMonthNames = italian.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;
var spanishMonthNames = spanish.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;

int ix = Array.FindIndex(italianMonthNames, x => StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(x, month));
if (ix == -1)
{
    ix = Array.FindIndex(spanishMonthNames, x => StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(x, month));
}

// ix is 0 based, while months are 1 based
string englishMonth = ix != -1 ? english.DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(ix + 1) : null;

您甚至可以尝试将一点委托给 .NET DateTime.ParseExact

var italian = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("it-IT");
var spanish = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("es-ES");
var english = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US");

string month = "agosto";
string englishMonth = null;
DateTime dt;

if (DateTime.TryParseExact(month, "MMMM", italian, 0, out dt) || DateTime.TryParseExact(month, "MMMM", spanish, 0, out dt))
{
    englishMonth = dt.ToString("MMMM", english);
}

一般来说,至少有一个月在两种语言中具有不同的含义:listopad(10 月或 11 月,请参见此处)。完整列表是Hlakola、listopad、Mopitlo、Nhlangula、Nyakanga、Phupu

使用 aDictionary<>收集月份名称的第一个版本:

public class MonthNameFinder
{
    private readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, int> MonthToNumber;

    public MonthNameFinder(params string[] cultures)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(cultures.Select(x => CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(x)));
    }

    public MonthNameFinder(params CultureInfo[] cultureInfos)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(cultureInfos);
    }

    public MonthNameFinder(CultureTypes cultureTypes = CultureTypes.AllCultures)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(CultureInfo.GetCultures(cultureTypes));
    }

    private static IReadOnlyDictionary<string, int> BuildDictionary(IEnumerable<CultureInfo> cultureInfos)
    {
        // Note that the comparer will always be wrong, sadly. Each culture has its comparer
        var dict = new Dictionary<string, int>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);

        foreach (var culture in cultureInfos)
        {
            var monthNames = culture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;

            for (int i = 0; i < monthNames.Length; i++)
            {
                string monthName = monthNames[i];

                int other;

                if (!dict.TryGetValue(monthName, out other))
                {
                    dict[monthName] = i + 1;
                }
                else if (other != i + 1)
                {
                    Debug.WriteLine($"Repeated month {monthName}: {i + 1} in {culture.Name} ({culture.DisplayName})");
                }
            }
        }

        return dict;
    }

    public int? GetMonthNumber(string monthName)
    {
        int monthNumber;

        if (MonthToNumber.TryGetValue(monthName, out monthNumber))
        {
            return monthNumber;
        }

        return null;
    }
}

像这样使用它:

var mnf = new MonthNameFinder();
int? n = mnf.GetMonthNumber("agosto");

if (n != null)
{
    string name = new DateTime(1, n.Value, 1).ToString("MMMM", CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US"));
}

(请注意,您应该缓存mnf...构建起来可能非常昂贵)

嗯......我不喜欢它......我有点OC......而且我知道以月份的名义存在一些冲突的简单事实让我感到困扰。

这是第二个版本,使用 aILookup<>并保存CultureName,以便可以发现月份名称的语言。现在 GetMonthNumbers(monthName)返回一个(int MonthNumber, string CultureName)[]匿名值类型数组。你可以明明白白的拿第一个,幸福的生活着,也可以检查一下,看看有没有多个不同MonthNumber的s。

public class MonthNameFinder
{
    private readonly ILookup<string, (int MonthNumber, string CultureName)> MonthToNumber;

    public MonthNameFinder(params string[] cultures)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(cultures.Select(x => CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(x)));
    }

    public MonthNameFinder(params CultureInfo[] cultureInfos)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(cultureInfos);
    }

    public MonthNameFinder(CultureTypes cultureTypes = CultureTypes.AllCultures)
    {
        MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(CultureInfo.GetCultures(cultureTypes));
    }

    private static ILookup<string, (int MonthNumber, string CultureName)> BuildLookup(IEnumerable<CultureInfo> cultureInfos)
    {
        // Note that the comparer will always be wrong, sadly. Each culture has its comparer
        var lst = new List<(string Name, int MonthNumber, string CultureName)>();

        foreach (var culture in cultureInfos)
        {
            var monthNames = culture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;

            for (int i = 0; i < monthNames.Length; i++)
            {
                string monthName = monthNames[i];
                lst.Add((monthName, i + 1, culture.Name));
            }
        }

        return lst.OrderBy(x => x.Name)
            .ThenBy(x => x.MonthNumber)
            .ToLookup(x => x.Name, x => (x.MonthNumber, x.CultureName), StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
    }

    public (int MonthNumber, string CultureName)[] GetMonthNumbers(string monthName)
    {
        return MonthToNumber[monthName].ToArray();
    }
}

像这样使用它:

// This is an array of (MonthNumber, CultureName)
var mnf = new MonthNameFinder();

var numbers = mnf.GetMonthNumbers("agosto");

if (numbers.Length != 0)
{
    string monthName = new DateTime(1, numbers[0].MonthNumber, 1).ToString("MMMM", CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US"));
}

(即使在这里你也应该缓存mnf......构建起来可能非常昂贵)

请注意,有许多相似的文化,所以numbers会非常大(例如,仅意大利就有 5 种文化,搜索agosto会返回 52 种不同的文化,月份为agosto


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