android - Android ForegroundService 用于后台定位
问题描述
从Android 11我了解到有一些与背景位置相关的限制,但是从文档中我不太清楚这是否会影响在文件ForegroundService
中foregroundServiceType="location"
声明的AndroidManifest.xml
文件。
这部分文档让我感到困惑:
“如果您的应用程序在前台运行时(“使用时”)启动了前台服务,则该服务具有以下访问限制:
如果用户已授予您的应用 ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION 权限,则该服务可以随时访问位置。否则,如果用户已向您的应用授予 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 或 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 权限,则该服务仅在应用在前台运行时才能访问位置(也称为“在使用中访问位置”)。
那么,如果我需要后台位置访问权限,仅使用Android 11ForegroundService
的with 类型"location"
是否安全,或者仍然必须添加权限?ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
注意:我创建了一个示例项目,其中 ForegroundService 声明了目标 SDK 30 的“位置”类型,并且似乎在没有后台位置权限的情况下工作(我在后台每 2 秒收到一次位置更新),这就是为什么我对此感到困惑. 我在装有 Android 11 的 Pixel 4 上运行该应用程序。
这是示例项目:
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.locationforegroundservice">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.LocationForegroundService">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service
android:name=".LocationService"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true"
android:foregroundServiceType="location"/>
</application>
</manifest>
定位服务
class LocationService : Service() {
private var context: Context? = null
private var settingsClient: SettingsClient? = null
private var locationSettingsRequest: LocationSettingsRequest? = null
private var locationManager: LocationManager? = null
private var locationRequest: LocationRequest? = null
private var notificationManager: NotificationManager? = null
private var fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient? = null
private val binder: IBinder = LocalBinder()
private var locationCallback: LocationCallback? = null
private var location: Location? = null
override fun onBind(intent: Intent?): IBinder {
// Called when a client (MainActivity in case of this sample) comes to the foreground
// and binds with this service. The service should cease to be a foreground service
// when that happens.
Log.i(TAG, "in onBind()")
return binder
}
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
context = this
fusedLocationClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this)
createLocationRequest()
locationCallback = object : LocationCallback() {
@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
override fun onLocationResult(locationResult: LocationResult) {
super.onLocationResult(locationResult)
for (location in locationResult.locations) {
onNewLocation(location)
}
}
}
val handlerThread = HandlerThread(TAG)
handlerThread.start()
notificationManager = getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager?
// Android O requires a Notification Channel.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
val name: CharSequence = "service"
val mChannel = NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID, name, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT)
// Set the Notification Channel for the Notification Manager.
notificationManager?.createNotificationChannel(mChannel)
}
}
override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
Log.i(TAG, "Service started")
val startedFromNotification =
intent?.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_STARTED_FROM_NOTIFICATION, false)
// We got here because the user decided to remove location updates from the notification.
if (startedFromNotification == true) {
removeLocationUpdates()
stopSelf()
}
// Tells the system to not try to recreate the service after it has been killed.
return START_NOT_STICKY
}
/**
* Returns the [NotificationCompat] used as part of the foreground service.
*/
private val notification: Notification
private get() {
val intent = Intent(this, LocationService::class.java)
// Extra to help us figure out if we arrived in onStartCommand via the notification or not.
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_STARTED_FROM_NOTIFICATION, true)
// The PendingIntent that leads to a call to onStartCommand() in this service.
val servicePendingIntent =
PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)
// The PendingIntent to launch activity.
val activityPendingIntent =
PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, Intent(this, MainActivity::class.java), 0)
val builder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
.addAction(R.drawable.ic_delete, "title", activityPendingIntent)
.addAction(R.drawable.ic_delete, "remove", servicePendingIntent)
.setContentTitle("location title").setOngoing(true)
.setPriority(Notification.PRIORITY_HIGH).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.btn_dialog)
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
// Set the Channel ID for Android O.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
builder.setChannelId(CHANNEL_ID) // Channel ID
}
return builder.build()
}
/**
* Makes a request for location updates. Note that in this sample we merely log the
* [SecurityException].
*/
fun requestLocationUpdates() {
Log.i(TAG, "Requesting location updates")
startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification)
try {
fusedLocationClient?.requestLocationUpdates(locationRequest, locationCallback, null)
} catch (unlikely: SecurityException) {
Log.e(TAG, "Lost location permission. Could not request updates. $unlikely")
}
}
@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
private fun onNewLocation(location: Location) {
Log.i(TAG, "New location ${LocalDateTime.now()}: $location")
this.location = location
// Notify anyone listening for broadcasts about the new location.
val intent = Intent(ACTION_BROADCAST)
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_LOCATION, location)
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(applicationContext).sendBroadcast(intent)
// Update notification content if running as a foreground service.
if (serviceIsRunningInForeground(this)) {
notificationManager?.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification)
}
}
/**
* Sets the location request parameters.
*/
private fun createLocationRequest() {
locationManager = context?.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager
settingsClient = LocationServices.getSettingsClient(context)
locationRequest = LocationRequest.create()
locationRequest?.priority = LocationRequest.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY
locationRequest?.interval = 1000
locationRequest?.fastestInterval = 1000
val builder = LocationSettingsRequest.Builder().addLocationRequest(locationRequest)
locationSettingsRequest = builder.build()
builder.setAlwaysShow(true) //this is the key ingredient
}
/**
* Removes location updates. Note that in this sample we merely log the
* [SecurityException].
*/
fun removeLocationUpdates() {
Log.i(TAG, "Removing location updates")
try {
fusedLocationClient?.removeLocationUpdates(locationCallback)
stopSelf()
} catch (unlikely: SecurityException) {
Log.e(TAG, "Lost location permission. Could not remove updates. $unlikely")
}
}
/**
* Class used for the client Binder. Since this service runs in the same process as its
* clients, we don't need to deal with IPC.
*/
inner class LocalBinder : Binder() {
val service: LocationService
get() = this@LocationService
}
/**
* Returns true if this is a foreground service.
*
* @param context The [Context].
*/
fun serviceIsRunningInForeground(context: Context): Boolean {
val manager = context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager
for (service in manager.getRunningServices(Int.MAX_VALUE)) {
if (javaClass.name == service.service.className) {
if (service.foreground) {
return true
}
}
}
return false
}
companion object {
private const val PACKAGE_NAME = "com.example.locationforegroundservice"
private val TAG = "TEST"
/**
* The name of the channel for notifications.
*/
private const val CHANNEL_ID = "channel_01"
const val ACTION_BROADCAST = PACKAGE_NAME + ".broadcast"
const val EXTRA_LOCATION = PACKAGE_NAME + ".location"
private const val EXTRA_STARTED_FROM_NOTIFICATION =
PACKAGE_NAME + ".started_from_notification"
/**
* The desired interval for location updates. Inexact. Updates may be more or less frequent.
*/
private const val UPDATE_INTERVAL_IN_MILLISECONDS: Long = 1000
/**
* The fastest rate for active location updates. Updates will never be more frequent
* than this value.
*/
private const val FASTEST_UPDATE_INTERVAL_IN_MILLISECONDS =
UPDATE_INTERVAL_IN_MILLISECONDS / 2
/**
* The identifier for the notification displayed for the foreground service.
*/
private const val NOTIFICATION_ID = 12345678
}
主要活动
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val TAG = "TEST"
private val FOREGROUND_LOCATION_CODE = 2
// The BroadcastReceiver used to listen from broadcasts from the service.
private var myReceiver: MyReceiver? = null
// A reference to the service used to get location updates.
private var mService: LocationService? = null
// Monitors the state of the connection to the service.
private val mServiceConnection: ServiceConnection = object : ServiceConnection {
override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName, service: IBinder) {
val binder: LocationService.LocalBinder = service as LocationService.LocalBinder
mService = binder.service
}
override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName) {
mService = null
}
}
@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
checkForegroundLocationPermission()
myReceiver = MyReceiver()
myReceiver?.let {
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this)
.registerReceiver(it, IntentFilter(LocationService.ACTION_BROADCAST))
}
findViewById<Button>(R.id.start).setOnClickListener { view ->
Snackbar.make(view, "Start listening...", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).show()
Log.d("TEST", "Start listening...")
mService?.requestLocationUpdates();
}
findViewById<Button>(R.id.stop).setOnClickListener { view ->
Snackbar.make(view, "Stop listening...", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).show()
Log.d("TEST", "Stop listening...")
mService?.removeLocationUpdates()
}
}
override fun onStart() {
super.onStart()
// Bind to the service. If the service is in foreground mode, this signals to the service
// that since this activity is in the foreground, the service can exit foreground mode.
// Bind to the service. If the service is in foreground mode, this signals to the service
// that since this activity is in the foreground, the service can exit foreground mode.
Intent(this, LocationService::class.java).also {
bindService(it, mServiceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE)
}
}
override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
Log.d(TAG, "onResume")
}
override fun onStop() {
Log.d(TAG, "onStop")
super.onStop()
}
@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
private fun checkForegroundLocationPermission() {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Check if permission is not granted
Log.d(TAG, "Permission for foreground location is not granted")
requestPermissions(arrayOf(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION),
FOREGROUND_LOCATION_CODE)
} else {
// Permission is already granted, do your magic here!
Toast.makeText(this, "Permission granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
}
@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int,
permissions: Array<out String>,
grantResults: IntArray) {
when (requestCode) {
FOREGROUND_LOCATION_CODE -> {
Log.d(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult -> FOREGROUND_LOCATION_CODE")
if (grantResults.isNotEmpty() && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Foreground Permission granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Foreground Permission denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
return
}
}
}
private class MyReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
val location: Location? = intent.getParcelableExtra(LocationService.EXTRA_LOCATION)
if (location != null) {
Log.d("TEST", "Location = $location")
}
}
}
}
解决方案
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