c++ - 如何修复在cpp中打印未知符号？
问题描述
我正在尝试打印一个排序列表，它看起来列表本身是正确的——通过打印内部结果，但是当我尝试打印整个列表时，它会显示一些奇怪的符号和崩溃。我哪里错了？这是我在“应用”中调用的函数的主要内容：
#include <iostream>
#include "sortedList.h"
#include "dummy.h"
string getLen(string str)
{
return std::to_string(str.length());
}
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
LinkedList <string> myList;
myList.insert("yosi");
myList.insert("Rikki");
myList.insert("Pavel <3");
cout << "Now printing myList" << endl;
myList.print();
LinkedList<string> new_list;
new_list = myList.apply(myList, getLen);
cout << "Now printing new_list" << endl;
new_list.print();
return 0;
}
这是我的 h 文件：
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <functional>
#include "dummy.h"
using namespace std;
#ifndef SORT_H
#define SORT_H
template <class T>
class LinkedList {
struct Node {
Node(const T &in) : data(in) {}
T data;
Node * next;
};
class Iterator
{
Node *m_ptr; // pointer to current node in the list
public:
Iterator(Node * node) {
m_ptr = node;
}
Iterator& operator ++ () {
m_ptr = m_ptr -> next();
return *this;
}
Iterator operator ++ (T) {
Iterator temp(*this);
m_ptr = m_ptr -> next();
return temp;
}
bool operator == (const Iterator other) const {
return m_ptr == other.m_ptr;
}
bool operator != (const Iterator other) const {
return m_ptr != other.m_ptr;
}
T& operator * () {
return m_ptr -> data();
}
operator bool() {
return m_ptr != 0;
}
};
Node * head;
bool is_in_list(T value){
Node * curr = head;
while(curr != nullptr) {
if (curr->data == value){
return true;
} else {
curr = curr->next;
}
}
return false;
}
public:
LinkedList() {
head = nullptr;
}
LinkedList(T value) {
head = new Node(value);
// head -> data = value;
// head -> next = nullptr;
}
~LinkedList() {
while(head != nullptr) {
Node * curr = head -> next;
delete head;
head = curr;
}
}
void operator = (T &t) {
head = t.head;
}
Node * nodeCopy(Node * head) {
if (head == nullptr) {
return nullptr;
}
Node * copied_node = new Node(head -> data);
copied_node -> data = head -> data;
copied_node -> next = nodeCopy(head -> next);
return copied_node;
}
LinkedList(LinkedList &list){
head = nodeCopy(list.head);
}
template<typename B>
LinkedList filter(LinkedList &list, B pred) {
LinkedList <T> new_list(list);
Node * curr = list.head;
while (curr) {
if (!(pred(curr -> data))) {
new_list.remove(curr -> data);
}
curr = curr -> next;
}
std::cout << "Getting out of filter" << std::endl;
return new_list;
}
template<typename A>
LinkedList apply(LinkedList &list, A func) {
LinkedList <T> new_list;
Node * curr = list.head;
while (curr) {
new_list.insert(func(curr -> data));
std::cout << "Putting into new list: " << func(curr -> data) << std::endl;
curr = curr -> next;
}
std::cout << "Getting out of apply" << std::endl;
return new_list;
}
int length() {
// std::cout << "DEBUG length 1" << std::endl;
int counter = 0;
Node * tmp = head;
// std::cout << "DEBUG length 2" << std::endl;
while( tmp != nullptr ) {
// std::cout << "DEBUG length 3" << std::endl;
counter++;
tmp = tmp -> next;
}
return counter;
}
void insert(T value) {
// Add first node
if (head == nullptr) {
std::cout << "Add first node" << std::endl;
head = new Node(value);
head->next = nullptr;
return;
}
Node *curr = head;
// check if should be new head (when new value smaller than current head) -> add new head
if (value <= head->data) {
// add new head
std::cout << "add new head" << std::endl;
Node * new_head = new Node(value);
new_head -> next = head;
head = new_head;
return;
}
while (curr != nullptr) {
if (curr->next == nullptr && value >= curr->data) {
// add new tail
std::cout << "add new tail" << std::endl;
Node * new_node = new Node(value);
curr -> next = new_node;
new_node -> next = nullptr;
return;
} else if (value >= curr->data && value <= curr->next->data) {
// add new node between those two
std::cout << "add new node between those two" << std::endl;
Node * new_node = new Node(value);
Node * temp_ptr = curr -> next;
curr -> next = new_node;
new_node -> next = temp_ptr;
return;
} else {
curr = curr->next;
}
}
}
void remove(T value) {
// TODO: Check if delete all accurancies
if (!is_in_list(value)){
return;
}
// handle the head
if (head->data == value) {
if (head->next != nullptr) {
// head is not single node
Node * temp_ptr = head->next;
delete head;
head = temp_ptr;
return;
} else {
// head is single node
delete head;
head = nullptr;
return;
}
}
Node * curr = head;
Node * prev = head;
while (curr != nullptr){
if (curr -> data == value){
// as we are already handled the head case,
// at this point we know that curr != head.
prev->next = curr->next;
delete curr;
return;
} else {
prev=curr;
curr=curr->next;
}
}
}
void print() {
Node * curr = head;
while (curr != nullptr) {
cout << curr -> data << endl;
curr = curr -> next;
}
}
Iterator begin() {
return head;
}
Iterator end() {
return Iterator(nullptr);
}
};
#endif
这是运行后的日志：
C:\Users\User\CLionProjects\ex2.2\cmake-build-debug\exe_name.exe
Hello, World!
Add first node
add new head
add new head
Now printing myList
Pavel <3
Rikki
yosi
Add first node
Putting into new list: 8
add new head
Putting into new list: 5
add new head
Putting into new list: 4
Getting out of apply
Now printing new_list
@sk @sk X☻k B jw ░♦k א
≡ א ☺ ☺ ♥ ? ♥
☺ ☺ ? ╨s אs ♦ α☼ Jαw ╨ ☻ א ☺ ☺ └ k פ☻k ñ☻k
א
@sk _«‼ó┼0 ☺ ה Γ π ♣☺! B ! ! ! )☺ !
! !
:«←╧q0 ♀ ☺
≡Oúv ≡§k x@«v☺
C
C
PW╘wנM╘w
o«←ת¶0 └ k
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♦ á☼ X ┴
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⌂»←כA F«v F«v@F«v`F«vאF«váF«v└F«vαF«v G«v G«v@G«v`G«vאG«váG«v└G«vαG«v H«v H«v@
H«v`H«v
r«←חQ1 ♀csmα☺ ♥ ♣ף↓╪§k pמ⌠█
ers\Use}«←ט\0 ♀╝↕úGúv 2 ;«←╬S0☻ τ♦
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abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ F
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╚↑k σ↑k ♀↓k 5↓k G↓k _↓k z↓k ½↓k ┐↓k ▐↓k ∙↓k d→k s→k ף→k ╝→k Γ→k ≡→k ↓←k P←k q▲k ש▲k ╫▲k ▼k ↨▼k ?▼k Y▼k q▼k ó▼k ╞
▼k ß▼k ▼k ¶ k * k P k ש k ª k └ k σ k !!k E!k \!k n!k ו!k PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432=AMD64 USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE=TH
EAMAZINGME LOCALAPPDATA=C:\Users\User\AppData\Local PROCESSOR_LEVEL=6 USERDOMAIN=THEAMAZINGME LOGONSERVER=\\THEAMAZINGME
FPS_BROWSER_APP_PROFILE_STRING=Internet Explorer SESSIONNAME=Console ALLUSERSPROFILE=C:\ProgramData PROCESSOR_ARCHITECT
URE=x86 PSModulePath=C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules Syste
mDrive=C: OneDrive=C:\Users\User\OneDrive AV_APPDATA=C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming APPDATA=C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming
USERNAME=User ProgramFiles(x86)=C:\Program Files (x86) CommonProgramFiles=C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files Path=C:\P
rogram Files (x86)\mingw-w64\i686-8.1.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v6-rev0\mingw32\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Ja
va\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\WINDO
WS\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Program Files (x86)\NVIDIA Corporation\PhysX\Common;C:\Program Files\NVIDIA Corporation\NVIDIA N
vDLISR;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\WINDOWS\Sy
stem32\OpenSSH\;C:\TDM-GCC-64\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Bitvise SSH Client;C:\Program Files\CMake\bin;C:\Program Files\
Git\cmd;C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Modeltech_pe_edu_10.4a\win32pe_edu;C:\Users\User\AppData\Lo
cal\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\GitHubDesktop\bin FPS_BROWSER_USER_PROFILE_STRING=Default PATHEXT=
.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC DriverData=C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\DriverData OS=Windows_NT On
eDriveConsumer=C:\Users\User\OneDrive COMPUTERNAME=THEAMAZINGME PROCESSOR_REVISION=8e09 CommonProgramW6432=C:\Program Fi
les\Common Files ComSpec=C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe ProgramData=C:\ProgramData ProgramW6432=C:\Program Files HOMEPATH=\
Users\User SystemRoot=C:\WINDOWS TEMP=C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER=Intel64 Family 6 Model 142 S
tepping 9, GenuineIntel HOMEDRIVE=C: USERPROFILE=C:\Users\User TMP=C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp CommonProgramFiles(x
86)=C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files ProgramFiles=C:\Program Files (x86) PUBLIC=C:\Users\Public windir=C:\WINDOWS NUM
BER_OF_PROCESSORS=4 IDEA_INITIAL_DIRECTORY=C:\Users\User\CLionProjects\ex2.2 z«←ןf1∞↕úv☺ ☺ x§k 0→ºv o«←תT0נן╚uá
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w«←גA0°"k °"k °"k ☺☺ w«←גY0@#k @#k @#k ☺☺
x«←םYט#k ט#k ט#k ☺☺ o«←תV░ךלt└ךלt╨ךלt כלt כלt@כלt0כלtpכלt`כ
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?º←├A J
♦ ¼0 ל k ל k 8 k 8 k 0k └
u«←א◄9 ♫↓rk CC:\Users\User\CLionProjects\ex2.2\
cmake-build-debug\exe_name.exe |«←י[↓rk t«←בR0 ☼C:\Users\User\CLionProjects\ex2.2\cmake-build-debug\exe_name.e
xe {«←מZ0 ♀╨rk ♦ yosi í☺ áS0 └ k {«←מU0 ♀°rk ♣ Rikki └ k └ k ╚rk {«←מU0 ♀ sk Pavel <3
≡rk T0 δ»→▲U0 └ k └ k 8 נ☺ סU0 └ k └ k 5 @sk כ☺ ךU0 └ k └ k 4
hsk ז☺ חU0 └ k └ k
Process finished with exit code -1073741819 (0xC0000005)
解决方案
这一行：
new_list = myList.apply(myList, getLen);
创建一个新的临时链表，然后将其复制分配给new_list.
您对复制赋值运算符的实现：
void operator = (T &t) {
head = t.head;
}
没有制作正确的副本。它只是head指出您临时文件中的数据。
然后删除临时对象，而您new_list的只是一个悬空指针。
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