首页 > 解决方案 > 如何在 axios 调用后使用 useReducer 获取反应组件以重新渲染?

问题描述

我正在尝试使用 useReducer 钩子学习状态管理,因此我构建了一个调用 pokeAPI 的简单应用程序。该应用程序应显示一个随机的口袋妖怪,并在按下“捕获另一个”按钮时将更多口袋妖怪添加到屏幕上。

但是,在从 axios 调用填充 Card 之前,它会使用已初始化的空 Card 对象重新渲染组件。我已经根据 stackoverflow 的帖子尝试了至少 3 种不同的解决方案。

在每次尝试中,我都得到了相同的结果:应用程序显示一个未定义的卡片,即使状态已更新而不是未定义,它只是在重新渲染后略微更新。再次单击时,先前的未定义会正确呈现,但现在有一张新卡显示为未定义。

我仍然掌握 React Hooks(不是双关语!)、异步编程和一般的 JS 的窍门。

这是应用程序: https ://stackblitz.com/edit/react-ts-mswxjv?file=index.tsx

这是我第一次尝试的代码:

//index.tsx

const getRandomPokemon = (): Card => {
  var randomInt: string;
  randomInt = String(Math.floor(898 * Math.random()));
  let newCard: Card = {};
  PokemonDataService.getCard(randomInt)
    .then((response) => {
        //omitted for brevity
    })
    .catch((error) => {
      //omitted
    });

  PokemonDataService.getSpecies(randomInt)
    .then((response) => {
      //omitted
    })
    .catch((error) => {
      //omitted
    });
  return newCard;
};

const App = (props: AppProps) => {
  const [deck, dispatch] = useReducer(cardReducer, initialState);

function addCard() {
    let newCard: Card = getRandomPokemon();
    dispatch({
      type: ActionKind.Add,
      payload: newCard,
    });
  }
  return (
    <div>
      <Deck deck={deck} />
      <CatchButton onClick={addCard}>Catch Another</CatchButton>
    </div>
  );
};

//cardReducer.tsx
export function cardReducer(state: Card[], action: Action): Card[] {
  switch (action.type) {
    case ActionKind.Add: {
      let clonedState: Card[] = state.map((item) => {
        return { ...item };
      });
      clonedState = [...clonedState, action.payload];
      return clonedState;
    }
    default: {
      let clonedState: Card[] = state.map((item) => {
        return { ...item };
      });
      return clonedState;
    }
  }
}


//Deck.tsx
//PokeDeck and PokeCard are styled-components for a ul and li
export const Deck = ({ deck }: DeckProps) => {
  useEffect(() => {
    console.log(`useEffect called in Deck`);
  }, deck);
  
  return (
    <PokeDeck>
      {deck.map((card) => (
        <PokeCard>
          <img src={card.image} alt={`image of ${card.name}`} />
          <h2>{card.name}</h2>
        </PokeCard>
      ))}
    </PokeDeck>
  );
};

我还尝试让调用 Axios 的函数成为一个 Promise,这样我就可以用 .then 链接调度调用。

//index.tsx
function pokemonPromise(): Promise<Card> {
  var randomInt: string;
  randomInt = String(Math.floor(898 * Math.random()));
  let newCard: Card = {};
  PokemonDataService.getCard(randomInt)
    .then((response) => {
      // omitted
    })
    .catch((error) => {
      return new Promise((reject) => {
        reject(new Error('pokeAPI call died'));
      });
    });

  PokemonDataService.getSpecies(randomInt)
    .then((response) => {
        // omitted
    })
    .catch((error) => {
      return new Promise((reject) => {
        reject(new Error('pokeAPI call died'));
      });
    });
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    resolve(newCard);
  });
}

const App = (props: AppProps) => {
  const [deck, dispatch] = useReducer(cardReducer, initialState);

  function asyncAdd() {
    let newCard: Card;
    pokemonPromise()
      .then((response) => {
        newCard = response;
        console.log(newCard);
      })
      .then(() => {
        dispatch({
          type: ActionKind.Add,
          payload: newCard,
        });
      })
      .catch((err) => {
        console.log(`asyncAdd failed with the error \n ${err}`);
      });
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <Deck deck={deck} />
      <CatchButton onClick={asyncAdd}>Catch Another</CatchButton>
    </div>
  );
};

我还尝试使用 useEffect 钩子让它调用它并产生副作用

//App.tsx
const App = (props: AppProps) => {
  const [deck, dispatch] = useReducer(cardReducer, initialState);
  const [catchCount, setCatchCount] = useState(0);


  useEffect(() => {
    let newCard: Card;
    pokemonPromise()
      .then((response) => {
        newCard = response;
      })
      .then(() => {
        dispatch({
          type: ActionKind.Add,
          payload: newCard,
        });
      })
      .catch((err) => {
        console.log(`asyncAdd failed with the error \n ${err}`);
      });
  }, [catchCount]);
  
   return (
    <div>
      <Deck deck={deck} />
      <CatchButton onClick={()=>{setCatchCount(catchCount + 1)}>Catch Another</CatchButton>
    </div>
  );
};

标签: javascriptreactjstypescriptaxiosuse-reducer

解决方案


所以你的代码有几件事,但最后一个版本最接近正确。通常,您希望在 useEffect 中调用 promise。如果您希望它被调用一次,请使用一个空的 [] 依赖数组。https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-effect.html(ctrl+f “一次”并阅读注释,它不那么可见)。每当 dep 数组更改时,代码都会运行。

注意:您必须更改对 Pokemon 服务的调用,因为您正在运行两个异步调用而不等待其中任何一个。您需要进行getRandomPokemon异步并等待两个调用,然后返回您想要的结果。(此外,您正在返回 newCard 但未在通话中为其分配任何内容)。首先通过在我的示例代码之类的承诺中返回虚假数据来测试这一点,然后在遇到问题时集成 api。

在您的承诺中,它返回一张卡片,您可以直接在调度中使用它(从响应中,您不需要额外的步骤)。您的 onclick 也错误地用括号写入。这是我编写的一些示例代码,似乎可以工作(使用占位符函数):

type Card = { no: number };
function someDataFetch(): Promise<void> {
  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(() => resolve(), 1000));
}
async function pokemonPromise(count: number): Promise<Card> {
  await someDataFetch();
  console.log("done first fetch");
  await someDataFetch();
  console.log("done second fetch");
  return new Promise((resolve) =>
    setTimeout(() => resolve({ no: count }), 1000)
  );
}

const initialState = { name: "pikachu" };
const cardReducer = (
  state: typeof initialState,
  action: { type: string; payload: Card }
) => {
  return { ...state, name: `pikachu:${action.payload.no}` };
};

//App.tsx
const App = () => {
  const [deck, dispatch] = useReducer(cardReducer, initialState);
  const [catchCount, setCatchCount] = useState(0);
  useEffect(() => {
    pokemonPromise(catchCount)
      .then((newCard) => {
        dispatch({
          type: "ActionKind.Add",
          payload: newCard
        });
      })
      .catch((err) => {
        console.log(`asyncAdd failed with the error \n ${err}`);
      });
  }, [catchCount]);

  return (
    <div>
      {deck.name}
      <button onClick={() => setCatchCount(catchCount + 1)}>
        Catch Another
      </button>
    </div>
  );
};


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